Chapter 2 - what are cells? Flashcards
What are the eight criteria for living things (MRS GREEN)
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Equilibrium
Excretion
Nutrition
What are the three points of cell theory?
- All living things are made up of cells.
- Cells are the smallest and most basics units of life.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells.
What are prokaryotes?
Unicellular organisms that contain DNA in a circular chromosome, have no membrane-bound organelles, and divide by binary fission.
Two kingdoms: Archaea and Bacteria.
What are the parts of prokaryotes
- Circular DNA
- Cytosol
- Plasmid DNA
- Ribosomes
- Plasma membrane
What are eukaryotes?
Are unicellular or multicellular organisms that contain membrane bound organelles, DNA in multiple linear chromosomes, and divide by mitosis or meiosis.
Four kingdoms: Fungi, Animalia, Plantae, Protista
What are membrane bound organelles?
Structures within the cell that are enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer.
E.G. nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, choroplasts, vacuoles, vesicles.
NON membrane bound organelles E.G. ribosomes, cell wall, cytoskeleton
What are the sites of cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Cellular respiration = mitochondria
Photosynthesis = chloroplasts
Cellular respiration equation
Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy
Photosynthesis equation
carbon dioxide + water –sunlight–> glucose + oxygen
Why are cells so small?
to allow them to maximise their surface area to volume ratio which increases the efficiency and speed of transport in and out of a cell.
Plant cells v animal cells
Plant cells contain one large vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall.
Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts or a cell wall, however, they can have any number of vacuoles.
