Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Human Geography > Chapter 2 vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 2 vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

demography

A

the scientific study of population characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

demographic region

A

identifying a specific area for the purpose of studying population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

demographic equation

A

formula for calculating a region’s population change:

births - deaths) + (immigration - emigration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

overpopulation

A

when the number of people exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

underpopulation

A

situation in which a country (or other region) has a population which has declined too much to support its current economic situation (NOT simply the opposite of “overpopulation”)`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

census

A

a complete enumeration of a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ecumene

A

the portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

carrying capacity

A

in comparison to available technology and resources at a given time, the maximum number of people that can live is a specified area without causing damage to overall productivity/sustainability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

standard of living

A

quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way they are distributed within a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

arithmetic density

A

the total number of objects in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

physiological density

A

the number of people supported by a unit area of arable land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

agricultural density

A

the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

crude birth rate (CBR) (aka natality)

A

the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

crude death rate (CDR)

A

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

natural increase rate (NIR)

A

the percentage by which a population grows in a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

doubling time

A

the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

total fertility rate

A

the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

population pyramid (Age-sex diagrams)

A

a bar graph that displays the percentage of a places population for each age and gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

age distribution

A

percentage of the total population, or of each gender specifically, at each age level

20
Q

cohort

A

a group of individuals who share a common demographic experience: on a population pyramid the cohorts are shown by common age ranges

21
Q

dependency ratio

A

the number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years

22
Q

sex ratio

A

the number of males per 100 females in the population

23
Q

gendered space

A

those places into which only one gender can go or in which only one is expected to go

24
Q

demographic transition

A

a process of change in a society’s population from high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population

25
Q

demographic transition model: stage two

A

rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates produced very high natural increase

26
Q

population explosion

A

sudden increase or burst in the population; can be a regional or more global change

27
Q

industrial revolution

A

a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

28
Q

medical revolution

A

medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa

29
Q

demographic transition model: stage three

A

CDR continues to fall but at a much slower rate, the population continues to grow because the CBR is still greater than the CDR

30
Q

demographic transition model: stage four

A

the CBR declines to the point where it equals the CDR and the NIR approaches zero

31
Q

zero population growth

A

a decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero

32
Q

thomas malthus

A

the first to argue that the world’s rate of population increase was outrunning the development of food supplies

33
Q

neo-malthusians

A

argue that characteristics of recent population growth makes Malthus’ thesis frightening

34
Q

demographic transition model: stage five

A

low CBR, increasing CDR, and a negative NIR

35
Q

one child policy

A

a couple needs a permit to have a child. couples received financial subsidies, a long maternity leave, better housing and (in rural areas) more land if they agreed to have just one child

36
Q

demographic momentum

A

phenomenon in which the overall population continues to grow despite declining crude birth and total fertility rates

37
Q

epidemiologic transition

A

focuses on distinctive health threats in each stage of the demographic transition

38
Q

epidemiology

A

the branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a particular time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected place

39
Q

epidemiologic transition model: stage one

A

infectious and parasitic diseases were principal causes of human deaths, along with accidents and attacks by animals and other humans

40
Q

epidemiologic transition model: stage two

A

receding pandemics because improved sanitation, nutrition, and medicine during the industrial revolution reduced the spread of infectious diseases

41
Q

pandemic

A

a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population

42
Q

Dr. John Snow

A

a british physician who created a handmade GIS

43
Q

epidemiologic transition model: stage three

A

characterized by a decrease in deaths from infectious diseases and an increase in chronic disorders associated with aging

44
Q

life expectancy (aka mortality)

A

the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions

45
Q

epidemiologic transition model: stage four

A

the stage of delayed degenerative diseases

46
Q

epidemiologic transition model: stage five

A

CDR rises because more of the population is elderly

47
Q

infant mortality rate (IMR)

A

the annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared with total live births

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions