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Clinical Neuroscience > Chapter 2 vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 2 vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Limbic system

A

a complex system of nerves and networks in the brain, involving several areas near the edge of the cortex concerned with instinct and mood. It controls the basic emotions (fear, pleasure, anger) and drives (hunger, sex, dominance, care of offspring)

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2
Q

Anterolateral pathways

A

sensory pathways that convey pain, temperature sense, and crude touch

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3
Q

Posterior column pathways

A

sensory pathways that convey proprioception, vibration sense, and fine, discriminative touch

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4
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

the most important motor pathway for voluntary movement in humans

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5
Q

Homunculus

A

a very small human or humanoid creature

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6
Q

Parietal lobes

A

either of the paired lobes of the brain at the top of the head, including areas concerned with the reception and correlation of sensory information

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7
Q

Frontal lobes

A

each of the paired lobes of the brain lying immediately behind the forehead, including areas concerned with behavior, learning, personality, and voluntary movement

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8
Q

Temporal lobes

A

each of the paired lobes of the brain lying beneath the temples, including areas concerned with the understanding of speech

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8
Q

Occipital lobes

A

the rearmost lobe in each cerebral hemisphere of the brain

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9
Q

Corpus callosum

A

a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain

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10
Q

Cranial nerves

A

each of twelve pairs of nerves which arise directly from the brain, not from the spinal cord, and pass through separate apertures in the skull

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11
Q

Efferent

A

conducted or conducting outward or away from something (for nerves, the central nervous system; for blood vessels, the organ supplied)

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12
Q

Afferent

A

conducting or conducted inward or toward something (for nerves, the central nervous system; for blood vessels, the organ supplied)

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13
Q

Thalamus

A

either of two masses of gray matter lying between the cerebral hemispheres on either side of the third ventricle, relaying sensory information and acting as a center for pain perception

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14
Q

Basal ganglia

A

a group of structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain and involved in coordination of movement

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15
Q

Gray matter

A

the darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites

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16
Q

White matter

A

the paler tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve fibers with their myelin sheaths

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17
Q

Synapses

A

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

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18
Q

Dendrites

A

a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body

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19
Q

Axons

A

the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells

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20
Q

Cell body

A

a cell of a unicellular organism, constituting its entire body

21
Q

Glia

A

the connective tissue of the nervous system, consisting of several different types of cell associated with neurons

22
Q

Neurons

A

a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell

23
Q

Rostral

A

situated or occurring near the front end of the body, especially in the region of the nose and mouth or (in an embryo) near the hypophyseal region

24
Q

Dorsal

A

of, on, or relating to the upper side or back of an animal, plant, or organ

25
Q

Caudal

A

of or like a tail

26
Q

Ventral

A

of, on, or relating to the underside of an animal or plant; abdominal

27
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

embryological name for the hindbrain and contains the metencephalon and the myelencephalon

28
Q

Mesencephalon

A

embryological name for the midbrain

29
Q

Prosencephalon

A

embryological name for the forebrain and contains both the telencephalon and the diencephalon

30
Q

Myelencephalon

A

the caudal division of the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) in the vertebrate embryo

31
Q

Metencephalon

A

the anterior division of the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) in the vertebrate embryo

32
Q

Diencephalon

A

the caudal (posterior) part of the forebrain, containing the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and ventral thalamus and the third ventricle

33
Q

Telencephalon

A

the most highly developed and anterior part of the forebrain, consisting chiefly of the cerebral hemispheres

34
Q

Thalamus

A

either of two masses of gray matter lying between the cerebral hemispheres on either side of the third ventricle, relaying sensory information and acting as a center for pain perception

35
Q

Hypothalamus

A

a region of the forebrain below the thalamus which coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity

36
Q

Cerebellum

A

the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity

37
Q

Pons

A

the part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus

38
Q

Midbrain

A

a small central part of the brainstem, developing from the middle of the primitive or embryonic brain

39
Q

Medulla

A

the inner region of an organ or tissue, especially when it is distinguishable from the outer region or cortex (as in a kidney, an adrenal gland, or hair)

39
Q

Brainstem

A

the central trunk of the mammalian brain, consisting of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain, and continuing downward to form the spinal cord

40
Q

Dura

A

the tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord

41
Q

Arachnoid

A

like a spider or arachnid

42
Q

Pia

A

the delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord

43
Q

Meninges

A

the three membranes (the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater) that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord

44
Q

Choroid plexus

A

a network of blood vessels in each ventricle of the brain. It is derived from the pia mater and produces the cerebrospinal fluid

45
Q

Neural tube

A

(in an embryo) a hollow structure from which the brain and spinal cord form. Defects in its development can result in congenital disorders such as spina bifida.

46
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

clear watery fluid which fills the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater

47
Q

Ventricles

A

a hollow part or cavity in an organ

48
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

a component of the human nervous system comprised of the cranial nerves and ganglia, spinal nerves and dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves and ganglia, and the enteric nervous system

49
Q

Central nervous system

A

a component of the human nervous system comprised of the brain and spinal cord

Clinical Neuroscience (1 decks)

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