Chapter 2: Vocabulary Flashcards
AIDS
acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Allergen
an environmental substance that causes an allergic reaction
allergy
the state when the immune response is too intense or hypersensitive to an environmental substance
anoxia
no oxygen
antibodies
immunoglobulins that develop that develop in response to an antigen; also called immune bodies; proteins that the body produces to react to and render the antigen harmless
Antigens
a cell marker that induces a state of sensitivity after coming in contact with an antibody; any substance that causes the body some type of harm, thus setting off this specific reaction.
atrophy
a decrease in cell size, which leads to a decrease in the size of the tissue and organ
autoimmunity
the state when the immune response attacks itself
bariatrics
the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention and treatment of obesity
benign
having limited growth, noncancerous
Body mass index (BMI)
a measurement obtained by dividing the individual’s weight in pounds by his or her height in inches. A BMI scale uses these figures to determine levels of obesity
Cachexia
a term used to describe any individual who has an ill, thin, wasted appearance
cancer
any malignant tumor
congenital
present at birth; usually concerning a congenital anomaly or an abnormality present at birth
degenerative
diseases related to aging, or destruction of tissue, functions, and use.
Dysplasia
an alteration in size, shape, and organization of cells
Encapsulated
enclosed in a capsule; term used to describe benign tumors
Enternal
relating to the small intestine
Gangrene
a condition occurring when saprophytic (dead tissue-loving) bacteria become involved in necrotic tissue; loss of blood supply causes body tissue to die.
hyperplasias
an increase in cell number; overgrowth in response to some type of stimulus
hypertrophy
an increase in the size of the cell, leading to an increase in tissue and organ size.
Hypoxia
not enough oxygen in tissues
immunodeficiency
the state when the immune response is unable to defend the body due to a decrease or absence of leukocytes, primarily lymphocytes
Infarct
necrosis of cells or tissues due to ischemia
Infection
invasion of microorganisms into the tissue, causing cell or tissue injury, thus leading to the inflammatory response
Inflammation
a basic pathologic process of cytologic and chemical reactions that occur in the blood vessels and tissues in response to an injury or irritation; a protective immune response that is triggered by any type of injury or irritant
Ischemia
hypoxia of cells or tissues caused by decreased blood flow
malignant
deadly or progressing to death; cancerous
metaplasia
a cellular adaptation in which the cell changes to another type of cell
metastasize
to move or spread
metastatic
spreads from a site of origin to a secondary site in the body
morbidity
the state of being diseased
Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVAs)
any accident where a motorized vehicle is involved; common motorized vehicle includes a bus, van, car, truck, all terrain vehicle, recreational vehicle and motorcycle.
necrosis
cellular death
neoplasia
the development of a new type of cell with an uncontrolled growth pattern
neoplasms
an increase in cell number, leading to an increase in tissue size; commonly called tumors
oncology
the study of tumors
organ rejection
the process in which the bodys immune system recognizes an organ (after a transplant) as foreign and attacks it, leading to organ death
parenteral
a delivery route for fluid for (hydration, nutrition or medications) that includes subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
intravenously giving a special solution that meets the total nutritional needs of the individual
trauma
a physical or mental injury
triage
the prioritizing of care; identifying level of medical care needed based on severity of injury
CDC
control of disease center
