Chapter 2 Vocab-The Constitution

Question 0

Declaration of Independence

Answer 0

The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence.

Question 1

Constitution

Answer 1

Nation’s basic law. It creates political institutions, assigns or divides powers in government, and often provides certain guarantees to citizens. Constitutions can be either written or unwritten.

Question 2

Natural Rights

Answer 2

Rights inherent in human beings include life, liberty, and property

Question 3

Consent of the Governed

Answer 3

The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people.

Question 4

Limited Government

Answer 4

The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens.

Question 5

Articles of Confederation

Answer 5

The first constitution of the United States, adopted by the conference in 1777 and enacted in 1781. The articles established the national legislature, but Continental Congress, but most authority rested with the state legislatures.

Question 6

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 6

Serious of attacks on court houses by a small band of farmers led by Revolutionary war captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings.

Question 7

US Constitution

Answer 7

The document written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 that sets forth the institutional structure of the United States government and the tasks these institutions perform. It replaced the articles of confederation

Question 8

Factions

Answer 8

Interest groups arising from the on equal distribution of property or wealth that James Madison attack in Federalist paper NO. 10.

Question 9

New Jersey plan

Answer 9

The proposal at the Constitutional convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the states population.

Question 10

Virginia plan

Answer 10

The proposal of the Constitutional convention that called for representation of each state in Congress and proportion to the states share of the US population

Question 11

Connecticut compromise

Answer 11

Established two houses of Congress: the house of representatives, in which representation is based on a states share of the US population, and the Senate, in which each state has two representatives

Question 12

Writ of habeas corpus

Answer 12

A court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody.

Question 13

Separation of powers

Answer 13

A feature of the Constitution that requires each of the three branches of government to be relatively independent of the others so that one cannot control the others.

Question 14

Checks and balances

Answer 14

Features of the Constitution that limited government power by requiring that power be balanced among the different governmental institutions.

Question 15

Republic

Answer 15

A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws

Question 16

Federalists

Answer 16

Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption

Question 17

Anti-Federalist

Answer 17

Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption

Question 18

Federalist papers

Answer 18

A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name publius us to defend the Constitution in detail

Question 19

Bill of Rights

Answer 19

The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, drafted in response to some of the anti-Federalist concerns. These amendments define such basic liberties as freedom of religion’s, speech, and press and guarantee defendants rights

Question 20

Equal rights amendment

Answer 20

A constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 stating that you quality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Question 21

Marberry V. Madison

Answer 21

The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution

Question 22

Judicial review

Answer 22

The power of the courts to determine whether ask of Congress, and by implication that executed, are in accord with the US Constitution.