Chapter 2 Vocab Study Flashcards
Atom
the basic unit of matter
Nucleus
in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA
Electron
negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus
Element
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
Compound
substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
Ionic Bond
chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Covalent Bond
type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared
Cohesion
attraction between molecules of the same substance
Mixture
material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined
Adhesion
force of attraction between different kinds of molecules
Acid
a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7
Base
a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7
Solution
type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed
Monomer
small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
Polymer
molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
Carbohydrate
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body
Lipid
macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes
Protein
macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
Nucleic acid
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Amino acid
compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end
Chemical reaction
process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
Enzyme
protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions
