Chapter 2 Vocab Study

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

the basic unit of matter

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus

Question 4

Element

Answer 4

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 5

Compound

Answer 5

substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Question 6

Ionic Bond

Answer 6

chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 7

Covalent Bond

Answer 7

type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared

Question 8

Cohesion

Answer 8

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 9

Mixture

Answer 9

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Question 9

Adhesion

Answer 9

force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

Question 10

Acid

Answer 10

a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

Question 11

Base

Answer 11

a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7

Question 12

Solution

Answer 12

type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

Question 13

Monomer

Answer 13

small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

Question 14

Polymer

Answer 14

molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Question 15

Carbohydrate

Answer 15

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body

Question 16

Lipid

Answer 16

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

Question 17

Protein

Answer 17

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

Question 18

Nucleic acid

Answer 18

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

Question 19

Amino acid

Answer 19

compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end

Question 20

Chemical reaction

Answer 20

process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Question 21

Enzyme

Answer 21

protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions