Chapter 2 Vocab- Anatomy

Question 1

Adipose

Answer 1

Used for the storage of fat

Question 2

Areolar connective tissue

Answer 2

Loose, irregularly arranged connective tissue that consists of collagenous and elastic fibers, a protein polysaccharide ground substance, and connective tissue cells.

Question 3

Atrophy

Answer 3

The wasting away

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.

Question 5

Chondrocyte

Answer 5

A cell that has secreted the matrix of cartilage and become embedded in it.

Question 6

Collagen

Answer 6

the main structural protein found in animal connective tissue, yielding gelatin when boiled.

Question 7

Connective tissue

Answer 7

tissue that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs, typically having relatively few cells embedded in an amorphous matrix, often with collagen or other fibers, and including cartilaginous, fatty, and elastic tissues.

Question 8

Dendrite

Answer 8

a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.

Question 9

Endocrine

Answer 9

of, relating to, or denoting glands that secrete hormones or other products directly into the blood.

Question 10

Epithelial tissue

Answer 10

a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

Question 11

Exocrine

Answer 11

relating to or denoting glands that secrete their products through ducts opening onto an epithelium rather than directly into the bloodstream.

Question 12

Gland

Answer 12

an organ in the human or animal body that secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings.

Question 13

Glia

Answer 13

non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems

Question 14

Goblet cell

Answer 14

A column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which secretes the main component of mucus.

Question 15

Hypertrophy

Answer 15

the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells.

Question 16

Matrix

Answer 16

an environment or material in which something develops; a surrounding medium or structure.

Question 17

Mitosis

Answer 17

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

Question 18

Neuron

Answer 18

a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.

Question 19

Osteon

Answer 19

the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone

Question 20

Squamous

Answer 20

relating to, consisting of, or denoting a layer of epithelium that consists of very thin flattened cells

Question 21

Cancer

Answer 21

the disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.

Question 22

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 22

a hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine glands. It causes the production of abnormally thick mucus, leading to the blockage of the pancreatic ducts, intestines, and bronchi and often resulting in respiratory infection.