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Principles Of Biomedical Sciences > Chapter 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Glucose Tolerance Test

A

A test of a body’s ability to metabolize glucose by giving someone glucose to someone who is fasting. Used to detect diabetes

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining stable internal conditions

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3
Q

Hormone

A

A product of living cells that circulated in blood a produces a specific effect on the cells

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4
Q

Insulin

A

A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas essential for metabolism of carbs and regulation of glucose levels in the blood.

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5
Q

Negative Feedback

A

A primary mechanism of homeostasis when a bodily level is too high and the body counteracts it

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6
Q

Positive feedback

A

Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increases its output

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7
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A

Childhood genetic insulin deficiency

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8
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

High blood glucose levels caused by bad lifestyle choices, usually in adults

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9
Q

Solvent

A

The liquid something dissolves into. Water is a solvent

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10
Q

Solute

A

A dissolvable substance like salt

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11
Q

Solution

A

A liquid that is an even mixture of two or more substances

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12
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

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13
Q

Isotonic

A

Having the same solute concentration as another solution

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14
Q

Hypotonic

A

In comparing two solutions it is the one with a lower solute concentration

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15
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Abnormal decrease of blood sugar

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16
Q

Hypertonic

A

In comparing two solutions, it is the one with great solute concentration

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17
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

An excess of sugar in the blood

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18
Q

Hemoglobin A1c

A

A test measuring the hemoglobin A1c in the blood as a means of determining the average blood sugar concentrations for the preceding 2-3 months

19
Q

Glucagon

A

A protein hormone that raises blood glucose levels. Antagonistic to insulin

20
Q

Protein

A

A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids

21
Q

Polysaccharide

A

A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis

22
Q

Polymer

A

A large molecule consisting of many repeating chemical units or molecules linked together

23
Q

Nutrient

A

A substance that is needed by the body to maintain life and health

24
Q

Monosaccharide

A

A simple sugar molecule like glucose or fructose, the most simple type of sugar.

25
Q

Monomer

A

The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer

26
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

27
Q

Macromolecule

A

A type of giant molecule formed by joining smaller molecules which includes proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids

28
Q

Lipid

A

One day of a family of compounds including fats, phospholipids, and steroids that is insoluble in water

29
Q

Ionic bond

A

A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions

30
Q

Hydrolysis

A

A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water

31
Q

Glucose

A

A monomer of carbohydrate, a simple sugar

32
Q

Element

A

The smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance

33
Q

Disaccharide

A

A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis

34
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule

35
Q

Covalent bond

A

A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

36
Q

Compound

A

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

37
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

Chemical transformation or change the interaction of chemicals

38
Q

Chemical indicator

A

A substance that visually indicates the presences of an acid base or other chemical

39
Q

Chemical Bond

A

An attractive force that holds together the atoms, ions, or groups of atoms in a compound or molecule

40
Q

Carbohydrate

A

A sugar in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide

41
Q

Calorie

A

Energy content of food

42
Q

Amino acid

A

An organic monomer which serves as a building block of proteins

43
Q

Adenosine Tri-Phosphate ATP

A

A compound composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis

Principles Of Biomedical Sciences (1 decks)

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