Chapter 2: Vocab

Question 1

All materials in the universe that has mass and occupies space

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

Element:

Answer 2

Fundamental types of matter, cannot be chemicals broken down

Question 3

Abundant elements in our planet:

Answer 3

Carbon nitrogen and silicon

Question 4

Atoms:

Answer 4

The smallest units that maintain chemical properties of an element

Question 5

Protons:

Answer 5

In the nucleus, define the atomic number

Question 6

Electrons:

Answer 6

Negatively charged particles

Question 7

Isotopes:

Answer 7

Atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons

Question 8

Radioactive isotopes:

Answer 8

To cancel later radioisotopes so they become stable (non radioactive)

Question 9

Half life:

Answer 9

Rate of radio isotope decay

Question 10

Ions

Answer 10

Atoms that have gained or lost electrons

Question 11

Molecules:

Answer 11

2 or more Atoms bonded together

Question 12

Compound:

Answer 12

A molecule composed of Atoms of two or more different elements

Question 13

Acidic ph:

Answer 13

High H+, 0-7

Question 14

Basic ph:

Answer 14

More Alkaline, OH- , 7-14

Question 15

The ph scale:

Answer 15

Quantifies the acidity or alkalinity

Question 16

Organic compound:

Answer 16

consists of carbon atoms and generally hydrogen atoms make include other elements

Question 17

Polymers:

Answer 17

Long chain of carbon atoms

Question 18

Hydrocarbons:

Answer 18

A class of organic compounds that contain only atoms of carbon and hydrogen

Question 19

Macromolecules:

Answer 19

The building blocks of life, polymers, proteins, nucleic acid, and carbohydrates

Question 20

Proteins:

Answer 20

Long chains of organic molecules called amino acids

Question 21

Nucleic acid:

Answer 21

Direct production of DNA and RNA

Question 22

Carbohydrates:

Answer 22

Simple sugars that are 3 to 7 carbon atoms long

Question 23

Plastics:

Answer 23

Man-made polymers

Question 24

Energy:

Answer 24

Capacity to change the position, composition, or temperature of matter

Question 25

Potential energy:

Answer 25

Energy of position

Question 26

Kinetic energy:

Answer 26

Energy of motion

Question 27

The first law of thermodynamics

Answer 27

Energy can change form but is not created or lost

Question 28

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 28

Energy tends to change from a more order state to a less ordered state

Question 29

Hydrogen vents:

Answer 29

Areas from deep ocean of geothermal heated water

Question 30

Geology:

Answer 30

Study of the earth physical features, processes and history

Question 31

Divergent plate boundaries

Answer 31

Push a part, magma forms and creates a new crust

Question 32

Transform plate boundaries:

Answer 32

Slip and grind

Question 33

Convergent plate boundaries:

Answer 33

One plate slides beneath another called subduction. Or two plates can meet and crush and in the form layers of rock

Question 34

Rock

Answer 34

Any solid aggregation of minerals

Question 35

Mineral

Answer 35

Naturally occurring solid element of inorganic compounds

Question 36

Igneous rock

Answer 36

Cooled lava

Question 37

Sedimentary rock

Answer 37

Formed as sediments are physically press together

Question 38

Sediment:

Answer 38

Made through weathering or rocks washed away by water

Question 39

Extrusive igneous rocks;

Answer 39

Formed when molten rock is ejected from a volcano and cools quickly

Question 40

Intrusive igneous rock

Answer 40

Magma cools slowly and solidifies below the earth surface

Question 41

Earthquake;

Answer 41

A release of energy at plate boundaries and other places for faults occur and me relieve build up pressure

Question 42

Metamorphic rock:

Answer 42

Type of rock that is subjected to great heat and pressure becomes metaphoric

Question 43

Landslide

Answer 43

The cruise with large amounts of rock or soil collapse it’s all downhill

Question 44

Mass wasting:

Answer 44

Can be brought on by human land practices that exposed soil, can be deadly

Question 45

Geothermal energy:

Answer 45

Produces electricity from reservoirs of hot rock underground