chapter 2 vocab Flashcards
conquistador
a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
mercantilism
the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.
missionary
a person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country.
smallpox
an acute contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus family. It was one of the most devastating diseases known to humanity and caused millions of deaths before it was eradicated. It is believed to have existed for at least 3000 years.
viceroy
a ruler exercising authority in a colony on behalf of a sovereign.
viceroyalty
the office, position, or authority of a viceroy.
“by creating a viceroyalty, the tsar went beyond the policy of devolution which had operated under Ermolov”
circumnavigate
sail or travel all the way around (something, especially the world).
galleon
a sailing ship in use (especially by Spain) from the 15th through 17th centuries, originally as a warship, later for trade. Galleons were mainly square-rigged and usually had three or more decks and masts.
heretic
a person believing in or practicing religious heresy.
Northwest Passage
a water route through the islands of northern Canada connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans
persecute
subject (someone) to hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of their ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation or their political beliefs.
privateer
a private person or ship that engages in maritime warfare under a commission of war
watershed
an area of land that channels rainfall, snowmelt, and runoff into a common body of water
Columbian Exchange
the widespread transfer of plants, animals, precious metals, commodities, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the New World (the Americas) in the Western Hemisphere, and the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) in the Eastern
encomienda
a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.
