Chapter 2 Vocab

Question 1

the basic unit of matter

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus

Answer 3

Electron

Question 4

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Answer 4

Element

Question 5

substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Answer 5

Compound

Question 6

chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Answer 6

Ionic Bond

Question 7

type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared

Answer 7

Covalent Bond

Question 8

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Answer 8

Cohesion

Question 9

force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

Answer 9

Adhesion

Question 10

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Answer 10

Mixture

Question 11

a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

Answer 11

Acid

Question 12

a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7

Answer 12

Base

Question 13

type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

Answer 13

Solution

Question 14

small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

Answer 14

Monomer

Question 15

molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Answer 15

Polymer

Question 16

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body

Answer 16

Carbohydrate

Question 17

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

Answer 17

Lipid

Question 18

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

Answer 18

Protein

Question 19

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

Answer 19

Nucleic Acid

Question 20

compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end

Answer 20

Amino Acid

Question 21

process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Answer 21

Chemical Reaction

Question 22

protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions

Answer 22

Enzyme