Chapter 2 Vocab

Question 1

built-in functions

Answer 1

prewritten functions that exist in libraries

Question 2

variable declaration

Answer 2

binds a name to a memory location and describes the attributes of the value being stored there

Question 3

pointer

Answer 3

the name of an address

Question 4

enumeration type

Answer 4

used for variables that can take enumerable ordered set of values

typedef enum {…}

Question 5

lazy evaluation policy

Answer 5

an expression will be evaluated only if its value is needed

Question 6

array

Answer 6

a homogeneous collection of data elements that are stored in a consecutive block of memory locations

Question 7

user defined functions

Answer 7

functions written by the programmer

Question 8

global function/variable

Answer 8

a function/variable that exists outside of any function

Question 9

scope rule

Answer 9

the scope of a variable is from declaration to the end of the block defined by {}

Question 10

multi-scan compilation

Answer 10

the compiler scans the program multiple times

Question 11

forward declaration

Answer 11

makes the name of a function known in advanced and must include:
- the return type
- name of the function
- the parameter types
- the names of the parameters

Question 12

basic data types

Answer 12

char, int, float, double, void

Question 13

basic modifiers

Answer 13

long, short, signed, unsigned, register

Question 14

union type variable

Answer 14

a region of shared memory that, over time, can contain different types of values

can only contain one value at any given moment

Question 15

static memory allocation

Answer 15

memory locations are statically allocated by the complier during compilation time allowing the memory for the variables to already be available when we want to store data in them

for arrays, you must know the maximum number of elements in advance

Question 16

dynamic memory allocation

Answer 16

allocates memory to variables during the execution by the function call

void *malloc(size_t size);

size_t is usually an unsigned int and specifies the number of bytes to be allocates

Question 17

heap

Answer 17

a pool of free memory

Question 18

memory leak

Answer 18

not collecting garbage as necessary

Question 19

stack

Answer 19

a data structure that can contain a set of ordered items

items can be inserted and removed from one end called the top of the stack

Question 20

functions

Answer 20

named blocks of code that must be explicitly called

Question 21

in-passing

Answer 21

passing variables to a function

Question 22

out-passing

Answer 22

passing values out of a function

Question 23

formal parameters

Answer 23

the parameters used when defining a function

local variables to the function

Question 24

actual parameters

Answer 24

the values or variables we use to substitute for the formal parameters when we call a function

Question 25

call-by-value

Answer 25

the formal parameter is initialized to the value of the actual parameter

Question 26

call-by-address

Answer 26

the address of the parameter is passed into the local variable of the function

Question 27

call-by-alias

Answer 27

the formal parameter is an alias of the actual parameter