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Honors Biology > Chapter 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards

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1
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It’s a basic unit particle of matter that forms a chemical element.

A

Atom

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2
Q

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A positively/neutral/negatively charged subatomic particle that can be either bound to an atom or free.

A

Proton/Neutron/Electron

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3
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A simple substance is made up of the same number of protons and cannot be broken down any further through chemical reactions.

A

Element

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4
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It’s one of two or more species of atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and position in the periodic table and nearly identical chemical behavior but with different atomic masses and physical properties.

A

Isotope

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5
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A substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined.

A

Compound

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6
Q

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A chemical bond formed from the attraction that occurs between ions with opposite charges.

A

Ionic Bond

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7
Q

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An atom or group of atoms in which the number of electrons is different from the number of protons.

A

Ion

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8
Q

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the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.

A

Covalent Bond

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9
Q

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This bond is an attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds with one of the atoms being hydrogen.

A

Hydrogen Bond

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10
Q

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When molecules stick to other alike molecules.

A

Cohesion

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11
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When molecules stick to other, unlike molecules.

A

Adhesion

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12
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A solution is a mix consisting of a solute dissolved into a solvent (medicine). The solute is the substance that is being dissolved (pill), while the solvent is the dissolving medium (water).

A

Solution, Solute, Solvent.

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13
Q

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They’re mixed substances that haven’t completely dissolved and can be filtered out while the others are the opposite.

A

Mixture vs Solution

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14
Q

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a mixture where a solid particle does not dissolve in a liquid solution.

A

Suspension

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15
Q

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It’s a measure of how acidic/basic water is or can be said to be the measure of hydrogen ion concentration. 0-6 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and 8-14 is basic.

A

pH scale

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16
Q

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They’re small molecules, that can join with other similar molecules to form polymers.

A

Monomers

17
Q

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It’s a larger molecule that is formed by the combination of many smaller molecules/monomers, of the same kind.

A

Polymers

18
Q

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Quick/Main source of energy.
Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
The monomer is Monosachyride or Glucose.

A

Carbohydrates

19
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The backup storage for energy.
Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
Monomers are Glycerol and Fatty Acids.

A

Lipids

20
Q

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Serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells.
Made of a nitrogenous base, phosphate group, and sugar molecules.
Monomers are called nucleotides

A

Nucleic Acid

21
Q

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They serve as building blocks for Nucleic Acids or DNA/RNA.

A

Nucleotides

22
Q

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Used for building tissues and muscles, enzymes, immune function, and energy.
Made of Amine Group and Carboxyl Group.
Monomers are Amino Acids.

A

Protein

23
Q

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Makes up proteins.

a central carbon atom linked together with a basic amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydrogen atom, an R-group, or a side-chain group.

A

Amino Acids

24
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It happens when one or more chemicals are changed into one or more other chemicals.

A

Chemical Reaction

25
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a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

A

Reactants

26
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Is a substance that is present at the end of a chemical reaction.

A

Products

27
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Is defined as the minimum amount of extra energy required by a reacting molecule to get converted into a product.

A

Activation Energy

28
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a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, or lowers the temperature or pressure needed to start one

A

Catalyst

29
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It’s a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein. It speeds up the rate of a specific chemical reaction in the cell.

A

Enzyme

30
Q

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Is a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein. It speeds up the rate of a specific chemical reaction in the cell.

A

Enzyme

31
Q

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A substance used, or acted on, by another process or substance

A

Substrate

32
Q

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a chemical bond that is formed by joining the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another.

A

Peptide Bond

Honors Biology (1 decks)

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