Chapter 2: Vital Statitcis And Global Health Inidicators Flashcards
Why is counting births and deaths important?
-Civil registration allows births and deaths to be tracked and identify health issues – allowing for public health planning
Define civil registration
Civil registration is the continuous, permanent, compulsory and universal recording of the occurrence of vital events (live births, deaths, fatal deaths, marriages and divorces) in accordance with the legal requirements in each country. This information is provided to WHO
What are some barriers to civil registration?
o Lack of laws or infrastructure to make it obligatory to register births and deaths
o Sometimes only cities have registration services
What are some interim measures for low-income countries?
Census, surveys, sample registration (India and China)
Define routine data
- This is when data is collected from the whole population for purposes other than research
How is routinely collected data evaluated?
- CART: completeness, accuracy, representativeness, timeliness
- PACO: precision (how big?), accessibility, confidentiality, original purpose (why was this data collected?)
Selection bias in routinely collected data
When data excludes certain population groups e.g. illegal immigrants, socially deprived
Information bias on routinely collected data
o When self-reported data is either under or over reported e.g. smoking status
o When non-standardised variable are collected e.g. different scales measuring deprivation
What are the 2 sources of bias in routinely collected data?
Selection bias and information bias
Define vital statistics
- Country level date collected by government agencies (live births, stillbirths, deaths, marriage, divorces)
- Source of data is civil registration
- A vital statics system is the process of collected information by civil registration or enumeration of the frequency or occurrence of specified and defined vital events, as well as relevant characteristics of the events themselves and the persons concerned. It involves compiling, processing, analysing, evaluating, presenting and disseminating these data in statistical form
Importance of vital statistics
- Provide cumulative summaries over time of population parameters (births, deaths, marriages, migration)
Formula for Crude Birth rate
(number of live births during the time period/ total population at mid-point of time period) x 1000
Formula for fertility rate
(number of live births during time period / number of women ages 15-44 in time period) x 1000
Formula for total fertility rate
Sum of the age-specific fertility rates (binned age groups) for female residents of a specified geographical area during the specified time period (usually one year) multiplied by 5.
The rate estimates the numbers of children a hypothetical cohort of 1000 females in the specified population would bear if they went through their child reading years experiencing the same age-specific birth rates for a specified time period.
Formula for crude mortality rate i.e. crude death rate
(Number of deaths during time period/ to total population at mid-point of the time period) x 1000
