Chapter 2, Unit 1

Question 1

What is the Justice System?

Answer 1

The institutions and procedures for applying laws in a society.

Question 2

What is Justice?

Answer 2

Applying laws.

Question 3

What does Fair and Equitable mean?

Answer 3

Governed by rules that apply to everyone, taking into account individual needs and circumstances.

Question 4

What is Legislation?

Answer 4

Laws created through the legislative process.

Question 5

What is Validity?

Answer 5

Reliability, based on a critical assessment of source, facts and bias.

Question 6

What is Community Service?

Answer 6

Help in the community performed as part of a sentence, such as assisting with a community clean-up or food bank.

Question 7

What is a Criminal Record?

Answer 7

A permanent record of breaking the law, which is public information. A criminal record can bar you from some jobs, volunteer positions and travel to other countries.

Question 8

What is a sentence?

Answer 8

A consequence for a crime, such as imprisonment, determined by a court of law.

Question 9

Define Rehabilitation.

Answer 9

To instill positive behaviours and attitudes.

Question 10

Define Reintegration.

Answer 10

To make part of again.

Question 11

What is the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)?

Answer 11

An act that deals with youth aged 12-17 in trouble with the law. The goal of the YCJA is to rehabilitate and reintegrate youth by using suitable punishments that don’t involve jail if possible.

Question 12

Who does the YCJA apply to?

Answer 12

The YCJA applies to youth aged 12-17 that are in trouble with the law.

Question 13

What are the main objectives of the YCJA?

Answer 13

The objective of the YCJA is to rehabilitate and reintegrate youth back into society. Another objective is to enforce restitution when necessary.

Question 14

What are some of the resolutions found under the YCJA?

Answer 14

-Community Service
-Restitution
-Rehabilitation centers/programs
-Reintegration
-Apologies
-Sentencing Circles (only for indigenous peoples)
-Probation under the community
-Jail time (only if necessary)

Question 15

What is the most important principle of the Canadian (and other democratic) justice system?

Answer 15

The assumption of innocence until proven guilty is a fundamental principle of justice in Canada and other democratic countries. This ensures fair and equitable treatment of people accused of crimes as well as victims of crimes.

Question 16

Who are the key players in Canada’s Justice System and what is their role?

Answer 16

-Judge: To decide a proper punishment that is equal to both sides.
-Jury: To make a decision on whether or not the accused is guilty. They make this decision through evidence and statements and ALL must decide on one verdict through a vote amongst themselves. All Jury members must not know the accused or victim and must not show or have any bias.
Crown Lawyers/Prosecutors: To suggest or come up with punishments befitting the crime and person.
Defense Lawyers: To defend their client.

Question 17

What role does the Jury play?

Answer 17

Jury: To make a decision on whether or not the accused is guilty.

Question 18

How are the Jury members selected?

Answer 18

The Jury members are selected by the Crown prosecutors and Defense Lawyers. Both sides must agree on twelve Jurors.

Question 19

What are advocacy groups?

Answer 19

Advocacy groups are groups of people that advocate for certain types of people whether that be their gender, race, religion or situation.

Question 20

What are the goals of Advocacy groups?

Answer 20

To facilitate change and the development of new areas of policy, in order to tackle unmet health needs or deal with emerging health needs in a given community.

Question 21

What is the John Howard Society and what do they aim to accomplish?

Answer 21

The John Howard Society is an advocacy group and they aim to accomplish identifying social and economic conditions which contribute to crime or hinder the search for effective solutions to the problems of crime.

Question 22

What is the Elizabeth Fry Society and what do they aim to accomplish?

Answer 22

The Elizabeth Fry Society is an advocacy group and they aim to accomplish reduce and eliminate systemic barriers to poverty for criminalized women.