Chapter 2: Understanding Communication Flashcards
3 models of Communication
Transmission, interaction, and transaction models
Interaction Model (convergence model)
Context: Physical, Psychological, and Cultural( Message, Feedback)
Transmission Model of Communication
A one-way process in which a source sends an encoded message through a channel to a receiver
Sender
The person who is the source of the message
Encode
The process of selecting specific words and phrases to share an idea with others
Message
The content or the meaning that is being conveyed including thoughts ideas information and emotional content
Channel
The means through which the message is being conveyed, including sounds, text, or facial expressions sent through another channel, such as a telephone call, text message, email, video call, newspaper or book
Receiver the person to whom the message is sent
Reciever
Decode
The process of using language , context, and previous interactions to process the meaning of a given word or phrase
Noise
Anything that interferes with the receivers ability to properly decode the message
Physical noise
Sounds that interfere with the ability to hear the message, such as other people talking in the same room, traffic noise outside, or even the sound of an air conditioner turning on when the volume is too quiet
Psychological noise
Thoughts attitudes, and emotions, that interfere with our ability to listen to a message
Feedback
The message that is sent as a response to the senders message, including verbal or nonverbal cues that can occur immediately or as a delayed response
Context
The physical, psychological, and cultural environment in which a communication event takes place
Physical context
External influences on our communication that we adapt to either unconsciously or consciously
Psychological context
The mental and emotional influences on our communication
Cultural Context
The cultural expectations and social norms associated with the situation in which you are speaking
Transaction Model of Communication
Communication process that happens simultaneously between source and receiver
Communication scripts
Normative or ritual expectations for what should be said and how it should be said in a given situation, setting,or interaction
Language
The use of symbols to convey meaning and can include the use of written words, spoken words, visual symbols, or gestures intended to convey a particular meaning to the receiver
Arbitrary
A description in which there is no necessary or direct connection between the symbols or words and the meaning they represent
Semiotic Triangle
Concept created by de Saussure to facilitate understanding of how signs function
Sign
The arbitrary symbol or the word that is used to represent the thing that we are communicating about and conveys both the signifier and the signified
Signifier
The actual thing or object as we perceive it
Signified
The thought idea or mental construct of that thing
Ambiguous
Characteristics of language that means that words can have multiple meanings and can convey different ideas or purposes in different context
Denotative meaning
Describes what the word means or the literal definition that does not take into account other ways the word had been used or other associations
Connotative meaning
An understanding of words that accounts for associations with a word because of how the word has been used over time or in particular communities
Abstract
Characteristic of language where it can be used t in refer to things that are not visible or tangible
Concrete language
Specific description used by the speaker to clearly convey meaning that the receiver can easily visualize
Ladder of abstraction
A descriptive continuum from being highly abstract to being highly concrete to describe meaning
Social construction of reality
An understanding of the world through interactions with others
Gender identity
How an individual understands themselves in terms of gender
Gender pronouns
Words used to identify and refer to people
