Chapter 2: Understanding Communication

Question 1

3 models of Communication

Answer 1

Transmission, interaction, and transaction models

Question 2

Interaction Model (convergence model)

Answer 2

Context: Physical, Psychological, and Cultural( Message, Feedback)

Question 3

Transmission Model of Communication

Answer 3

A one-way process in which a source sends an encoded message through a channel to a receiver

Question 4

Sender

Answer 4

The person who is the source of the message

Question 5

Encode

Answer 5

The process of selecting specific words and phrases to share an idea with others

Question 6

Message

Answer 6

The content or the meaning that is being conveyed including thoughts ideas information and emotional content

Question 7

Channel

Answer 7

The means through which the message is being conveyed, including sounds, text, or facial expressions sent through another channel, such as a telephone call, text message, email, video call, newspaper or book

Question 8

Receiver the person to whom the message is sent

Answer 8

Reciever

Question 9

Decode

Answer 9

The process of using language , context, and previous interactions to process the meaning of a given word or phrase

Question 10

Noise

Answer 10

Anything that interferes with the receivers ability to properly decode the message

Question 11

Physical noise

Answer 11

Sounds that interfere with the ability to hear the message, such as other people talking in the same room, traffic noise outside, or even the sound of an air conditioner turning on when the volume is too quiet

Question 12

Psychological noise

Answer 12

Thoughts attitudes, and emotions, that interfere with our ability to listen to a message

Question 13

Feedback

Answer 13

The message that is sent as a response to the senders message, including verbal or nonverbal cues that can occur immediately or as a delayed response

Question 14

Context

Answer 14

The physical, psychological, and cultural environment in which a communication event takes place

Question 15

Physical context

Answer 15

External influences on our communication that we adapt to either unconsciously or consciously

Question 16

Psychological context

Answer 16

The mental and emotional influences on our communication

Question 17

Cultural Context

Answer 17

The cultural expectations and social norms associated with the situation in which you are speaking

Question 18

Transaction Model of Communication

Answer 18

Communication process that happens simultaneously between source and receiver

Question 19

Communication scripts

Answer 19

Normative or ritual expectations for what should be said and how it should be said in a given situation, setting,or interaction

Question 20

Language

Answer 20

The use of symbols to convey meaning and can include the use of written words, spoken words, visual symbols, or gestures intended to convey a particular meaning to the receiver

Question 21

Arbitrary

Answer 21

A description in which there is no necessary or direct connection between the symbols or words and the meaning they represent

Question 22

Semiotic Triangle

Answer 22

Concept created by de Saussure to facilitate understanding of how signs function

Question 23

Sign

Answer 23

The arbitrary symbol or the word that is used to represent the thing that we are communicating about and conveys both the signifier and the signified

Question 24

Signifier

Answer 24

The actual thing or object as we perceive it

Question 25

Signified

Answer 25

The thought idea or mental construct of that thing

Question 26

Ambiguous

Answer 26

Characteristics of language that means that words can have multiple meanings and can convey different ideas or purposes in different context

Question 27

Denotative meaning

Answer 27

Describes what the word means or the literal definition that does not take into account other ways the word had been used or other associations

Question 28

Connotative meaning

Answer 28

An understanding of words that accounts for associations with a word because of how the word has been used over time or in particular communities

Question 29

Abstract

Answer 29

Characteristic of language where it can be used t in refer to things that are not visible or tangible

Question 30

Concrete language

Answer 30

Specific description used by the speaker to clearly convey meaning that the receiver can easily visualize

Question 31

Ladder of abstraction

Answer 31

A descriptive continuum from being highly abstract to being highly concrete to describe meaning

Question 32

Social construction of reality

Answer 32

An understanding of the world through interactions with others

Question 33

Gender identity

Answer 33

How an individual understands themselves in terms of gender

Question 34

Gender pronouns

Answer 34

Words used to identify and refer to people