Chapter 2 : Theory into Application

Question 1

A theory is

Answer 1

An organized set of principles explaining events that take place in the environment

Question 2

One practical value of a good theory is to

Answer 2

Provide a framework for explanations of observations

Question 3

A theory is valuable when it:

Answer 3

Helps to generate testable hypotheses

Question 4

From a cognitive information-processing perspective, learning is a change in:

Answer 4

Knowledge stored in memory

Question 5

Thinking of learning in terms of the students’ ability to make coherent sense of their experience would be an example of the:

Answer 5

Constructivist perspective

Question 6

A teacher’s inclusion of specific retrieval cues such as mnemonics to help organize and link new information to that which the student already has in memory is closely aligned with which learning perspective:

Answer 6

Information-processing perspective

Question 7

From the constructivist perspective of learning, the student in the learning situation would have the primary responsibility to:

Answer 7

Explore the learning situation as a scientist would

Question 8

A common reinforcer that an instructional expert uses to increase specific behaviors includes:

Answer 8

Giving praise

Question 9

Use of flashcards is an example of a drill and practice instructional method that is often used to help learners associate specific items (e.g., anatomical structures and their proper names; states and their capitals). Drill and practice is often associated with which learning perspective?

Answer 9

Behavioral perspective

Question 10

Technology can help create an effective instructional “program” because it can:

Answer 10

Provide immediate individualized feedback and allow students to progress at their own pace

Question 11

One way in which technology-enhanced instruction based on the constructivist perspective differs from an instructional “program” is that it:

Answer 11

Presents students realistically complex learning environments