Chapter 2 - The Triumph of Mao and the CCP - 1934/1949

Question 1

When was the Long March

Answer 1

October 1934 - October 1935

Question 2

Who lead the Long March

Answer 2

1) Otto Braun = caused heavy losses
2) Mao Zedong = New tactics which worked

Question 3

How many Marchers were there
Beginning & End

Answer 3

Beginning = 80,000

End = 10,000

Question 4

Why was the Long March significant?

Answer 4

• The CCP needed to move from their hiding spot and escape the GMD.
• They used a variety of directions to confuse the GMD.
• They had to go over different and difficult terrains
• There were extreme conditions
• Brave Myth of survival
• Propaganda was made to show their self-sacrifice

Question 5

When was the Sino-Japanese War

Answer 5

1937-1945

Question 6

What did the start of the Sino-Japanese War cause to be formed

Answer 6

The Second United Front

Question 7

Role of the CCP in the Sino-Japanese war

Answer 7

• The CCP membership grew to 1.2 million
• Gained more assistance because they treated the peasants with respect
• They were able to destroy 965km of Japanese railways
• Increased military size
• Western Countries trusted them more

Question 8

CCP growth 1937 - 1945

Answer 8

40,000 -> 1.2 million

Question 9

Limitations of the GMD during/after the war

Answer 9

• The GMD did not want to use guerrilla tactics and were old school.
• They couldn’t recover from the heavy bombing
• Lacked the will to fight and broke under pressure

Question 10

Time period of the Civil War

Answer 10

1946 - 1949

Question 11

What was the GMD controlling compared to the CCP in 1945?

Answer 11

GMD = South and Central China
CCP = Northern and Eastern China

Question 12

When was the first stage of the Civil war?

Answer 12

July 1946 - May 1947

Question 13

Who had the Upper hand during the first stage of the Civil War (July1946-May1947)

Answer 13

The GMD because they had the USA’s support and forced the CCP out of Yanan

Question 14

What was formed on the 1st of August 1947 by the CCP

Answer 14

The People’s Liberation Army (PLA)

Question 15

What did it mean that the PLA was formed

Answer 15

• The CCP had more successful tactics and they were able to secure control over Northern Manchuria.
• They were able to launch full on attacks with better guerrilla warfare tactics

Question 16

When was the second stage of the Civil war?

Answer 16

May 1947- November 1948

Question 17

Who had the Upper Hand in the Second Stage of the Civil War (May1947-Nov1948)

Answer 17

The CCP and the PLA because there were rapidly gaining more land and cut off the GMD power

Question 18

When was stage three of the Civil war?

Answer 18

December 1948 - October 1949

Question 19

When was the Battle of Huai-Hai

Answer 19

November 1948 - January 1949

Question 20

Who had the Upper hand in the third section of the Civil War (Dec1948-Oct1949)

Answer 20

• The CCP because they started getting GMD/NRA deserters as they got more power.
• Mao ordered the destruction of the GMD’s surroundings = no food 2 months
• GMD lost 200,000 men
• USA stopped supporting GMD - already spent US$ 3 Billion
• Mao declares new Government

Question 21

What New government does Mao declare?

Answer 21

The People’s Republic of China

(PRC)

Question 22

When does Mao declare the new PRC government?

Answer 22

1st of October 1949

Question 23

CCP Military Strengths

Answer 23

• Skilled leader with detailed strategies with guerrilla warfare
• Wide range of tactics that had freedom to adapt
• Disciplined and motivated army
• Treated the locals with respect = more support

Question 24

CCP Political Strengths

Answer 24

• More political success = more support = more local assistance
• Unity with one leader = secure chain of command
• ‘Democratic Dictatorship’

Question 25

CCP Economic and Social Strengths

Answer 25

• Support from all classes
• Land reforms to equally share the rich land
• Support - due to GMD fear

Question 26

GMD Military Weakness

Answer 26

• Chiang was a poor military leader without skills and real authority
• Many tactical errors (troops in Manchuria without other control in area) - lost 1/2 million men
• NRA was conscriped, poorly supplied, men treated poorly = higher death and desertion rates

Question 27

GMD Political Weakness

Answer 27

• Corrupt and unskilled gov.
• ‘Three Principles of the People’ not implemented = dictatorship = no support
• Rich population was favoured

Question 28

GMD Economic and Social Weakness

Answer 28

• Poor management
• Inflation due to Chiang printing more money
• Useless reforms
• Taxes raised = lost middle class support

Question 29

Why does Chiang declare war on Japan?

Answer 29

• Japanese had strengthened their position in occupied Chinese land.
• At first Chiang allowed it because he didn’t think a country as big as China could be occupied.
• This approach made Chiang unpopular

Question 30

Why was a second united front formed?

Answer 30

Because although the Communists were the larger threat to the GMD, they needed to focus to get the Japanese out.