Chapter 2: The Self in a Social World Flashcards
1
Q
spotlight effect
A
- the belief that others are paying more attention to out appearance than they really are
2
Q
Illusion of transparency
A
- the illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others
3
Q
self-concept
A
- how a person answers the question “Who am I?” provides a glimpse into their self-concept
4
Q
self-schemas
A
- beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information
5
Q
social comparison
A
- evaluating your abilities and opinions by comparing yourself to others
6
Q
individualism
A
- the concept of giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
7
Q
independent self
A
- construing one’s identity as an autonomous self
8
Q
collectivism
A
- giving priority to the goals of one’s groups (often extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly
9
Q
interdependent self
A
- construing one’s identity in relation to others
10
Q
planning fallacy
A
- the tendency to underestimate how long it will take to complete a task
11
Q
impact bias
A
- overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events
12
Q
dual attitudes
A
- differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (consciously controlled) attitudes toward the same object
- verbalized explicit attitudes may change with education and persuasion; implicit attitudes change slowly, with practice that forms new habits
13
Q
self-esteem
A
- a persons overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth
14
Q
self-efficacy
A
- a sense that one is competent and effective
15
Q
self-serving bias
A
- the tendency to perceive yourself favourably
- i.e. it’s not you, it was the situation or the other person
16
Q
self-serving attributions
A
- a form of self-serving bias; the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to yourself and negative outcomes to other factors
17
Q
defensive pessimism
A
- the adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one’s anxiety to motivate effective action
18
Q
false consensus effect
A
- the tendency to overestimate the commonality of one’s opinions and one’s undesirable or unsuccessful behaviours
19
Q
false uniqueness effect
A
- the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one’s abilities and one’s desirable or successful behaviours
20
Q
temporal comparisons
A
- comparisons between how the self is viewed and how the self was viewed in the past or how the self expects to be viewed in the future
21
Q
self-handicapping
A
- protecting one’s self-image with behaviours that create a handy excuse for later failure
22
Q
self-presentation
A
- the act of expressing yourself and behaving in ways designed to create a favourable impression on an impression that corresponds to your ideals
23
Q
self-monitoring
A
- being attuned to the way you present yourself in social situations and adjusting your performance to create the desired impression
24
Q
learned helplessness
A
- the hopelessness and resignation learned when an animal or human perceives no control over repeated bad events
