Chapter 2 - The Scientific Method and Research

Question 1

all subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to any group or condition in a study

Answer 1

random assignment

Question 2

what is controlled or manipulated

Answer 2

independent variable

Question 3

what is affected by the manipulation

Answer 3

dependent variable

Question 4

extraneous variables

Answer 4

any variable other than the independent variable that seem likely to influence the dependent variable in a study

Question 5

confounding of variables

Answer 5

happens when two variables are linked in a way that it is difficult to sort out their individual effects

Question 6

what is the main limitation of correlations

Answer 6

causation, it can’t prove anything or say something causes another thing.

Question 7

positive correlation

Answer 7

same direction

Question 8

negative correlation

Answer 8

different directions

Question 9

theory

Answer 9

set of ideas that explains a certain observation

Question 10

hypothesis

Answer 10

a well educated guess