Chapter 2: The Research Process Flashcards
________ are common in psychology and cover a range of investigations that focus on one or more specific variables, such as intelligence, anxiety, learning, and memory.
Nonexperimental studies
_________, a researcher deliberately chooses one of more independent variables to be manipulated and then measures the effects of this manipulation on a dependent variable.
Experimental Studies
Explain Inductive Reasoning
Start with data, identify a pattern, and then form a conclusion
Explain deductive reasoning
Start with a conclusion, perform experiments, find evidence for conclusion
What is an experiement?
study in which one or more independent variables are deliberately manipulated to assess their effects on one or more dependent variables.
Internal validity is also called
casual validity
A true experiment has high internal validity (also known as causal validity) Because _____.
it provides the best research design for establishing causality between independent and dependent variables.
What is random assignment?
The researcher ensures that all participants have an equal chance of being assigned to a particular condition of the study
Quasi means _____ in Latin
as if
What are Quasi experiments used for?
used for investigations that aim to examine the effects of an independent variable that cannot be directly manipulated or randomly assigned on a dependent variable.
A quasi-experiment places a high priority on _____ ____.
external validity
A survey is typically comprised of
a set of questions asking respondents about their activities, opinions, attitudes, or preferences
What is naturalistic observation?
studies people in their natural settings so that their behaviors and words can be put into their proper context
Define peer review
The process by which a research study is assessed for quality before it is published
