Chapter 2: The Players and the Playing Field-Anarchy, States, and Non-State Actors Flashcards
International system
the constellation of international actors and the relationships between them
International actors
those who act in the international system; these actors can include states and non-state actors
State
a political legal unit that has identifiable population, is located with defined borders recognized by others, and has a government with sovereignty
Non-state actors
international actors that are not states, they may include IOs, NGOs, multinational corporations, and individuals
International governmental organizations (IOs)
international organizations whose membership is restricted to states
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
organizations whose membership is not restricted solely to states
Multinational corporations (MNCs)
companies that have subsidiaries (other companies) in multiple countries, also known as transnational corporations (TNCs)
Transnational advocacy networks (TANs)
networks defined by reciprocal, voluntary actions across national borders that must include non state actors (like individuals acting alone, social movements, or NGOs), any include states or IOs as well, represent a recurring, cooperative partnership with differentiated roles among the component parts
Subnational actors
those international actors normal seen as sub parts of a state, such as individuals or local governmental entities
Interdependence
mutual connections and reliance between international actors
Security dilemma
the steps that states take to make themselves secure often result in threats to other states whose reactions to those threats make the first state less secure; thus, what a state does to gain security can often make it less secure
Treaties of Westphalia
two treaties in 1648 that ended the Thirty Years’ War and created the modern international system
Feudalism
a socio-economic political system in which rulers would grant land to the local aristocracy in return for their loyalty and support, and others work the land in return for food, shelter, and protection form the local aristocracy
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)
- a series of wars that created many modern European states
- Modern sovereign states broke free from the Holy Roman Empire and created the principle of nonintervention in domestic affairs
- Religions of both people and rulers within a border was the concern of them alone
Head of government
the person who is in charge of a state’s government on a day-by-day basis and ensures that basic state functions and services are met
Head of state
the person who symbolically represents a state and to people
Parliamentary systems
governments with a prime minister as the head of government and either as a monarchy or president as the head of state
Presidential systems
governments with strong presidents as both head of state and the head of government
Semi-presidential system
governments with prime ministers who are responsible for most day to day governing but also have presidents who have some significant policy making roles
Authoritarian systems
nondemocratic governments with leaders who rule via force, who’s basis of power is the ability to coerce others or a submissive citizenry
Embassies
properties that house permanent diplomatic missions of other countries, typically located in the capital city of a state
Extraterritoriality
the principle that one is exempt from prosecution of the laws of the state; typically applied in the case of an embassy
Diplomats
individuals occupying positions in foreign policy establishments of states or the management of other organizations who represent and negotiation on behalf of their country or employer
Consulates
offices other than embassies where diplomatic officials facilitate commerce, travel, and cultural exchanges
Diplomatic immunity
the principle that accredited diplomats are exempt in almost all cases from prosecution under the laws of the state where they are assigned
Diplomacy
the art and practice of conducting negotiations
Settlement gap
the difference between the minimal preferences of two parties to a negotiation
Linkage strategy
in diplomacy, the strategy of connecting solutions on one issue to proposals on another to facilitate agreement
Summit meetings
diplomatic meetings involving the top officials of their respective states
Multilateral diplomacy
diplomacy involving three or more states at a time; typically many states are involved
Third-party diplomacy
the engagement of an outside party in the negotiations between the actual parties to a dispute to facilitate a resolution
Track II diplomacy
the activities and involvement of private individuals, nongovernmental organizations such as civil society organizations, and religious and business leaders in dialogue and negotiation to facilitate conflict resolution
Conference diplomacy
large diplomatic meetings of many officials from states, international organizations, nongovernmental organizations, academia, and non-state actors
Epistemic communities
networks of experts who bring their knowledge and expertise to the political arena to help policy makers understand problems, generate possible solutions, and evaluate policy success or failure
Nation
an identifiable group of people who share a collective identity typically formed around bonds based on factors like shared language, culture, etc.
Nation-state
a state in which nearly all of the population are members of the same nation
Imperialism
control and exploitation by one state of the economy, culture, and/or territory of others, usually called colonies
Democracy
a form of governance in which the people have a meaningful choice in selecting their rulers
Nationalism
the emotional connection of the mass public to their state
Treaty of Versailles
the treaty of 1919 that ended World War I, imposed heavily penalties on Germany, and created the League of Nations
Communism
the anti-capitalist economic philosophy created by Karl Marx that promoted centralized control of a country and its economy for the equal redistribution of resources to the country’s citizenship
Fascism
a political ideology that glorifies the state over the individuals who comprise it and relies on nationalism and violence to bond the citizenry to the state
Truman Doctrine
the policy that the United States would help states resisting communist expansion
NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
a military alliance structure created following the outbreak of the Korean War led by the US
Warsaw Pact
the military alliance created by the Soviet Union as a response to the addition of West Germany to NATO
League of Nations
an international institution created after World War I for collective security and the resolution of disputes between states
United Nations
an international institution established after WWII to promote peace and security, the development of friendly relations and harmony among nations, and cooperation on international problems
UN General Assembly
the plenary body of the UN in which all UN members have a seat. Functioning on the majority rule decision process, it is the central forum for discussion of global issues
UN Security Council
a 15 member council that carries the primary UN responsibilities for peace, security, and collective security operations
Economic and Social Council
the component of the UN handling matters considered economic or social, broadly defined
UN Secretariat
the bureaucracy and administrative arm of the UN
International Court of Justice/World Court
this international institution was created in 1946 as part of the United Nations systems to apply international law to resolve conflicts brought voluntarily to its states
Gross domestic product
the total amount of goods and services produced in a state
Sovereign wealth funds
investment funds owned by states
Mujahideen
those who fight to liberate Muslims or traditionally Muslim lands from control by non believers; the insurgency resisting the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan is the most widely known example
Al-Qaeda
this is a fundamentalists Islamic transnational terrorist organization. It is responsible for many attacks on Western and Islamic Countries
Globalization
it the increasing integration of global society through the spread of technology, foreign trade, transportation, cultural exchange, political institutions, and social connections
Civil society organizations
NGOs that voluntarily work together to serve the greater social and political good within a society; they build the voluntary relationships that bind society and its members
UN Security Council Resolution 688
a 1991 resolution authorizing UN members to intervene in domestic affairs of Iraq
Ethnic cleansing
a form of violence in which an ethnic group purges or cleans a territory of its rival ethnic group by forced expulsion, violence, or death
Responsible sovereignty
the idea of sovereignty as state’s responsibility to protect its citizens
Neo-Westphalian sovereignty
the idea of sovereignty as a state’s responsibility to protect its citizens
Social Darwinism
the idea of survival of the fittest applied to international politics
Supranational regimes-
international organizations or sets of rules that can bind states even against their will
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime
a formal treaty and its related rules set by the International Atomic Energy Agency regulating how states may develop, maintain, and use nuclear power and nuclear materials
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
a treaty prohibiting those with nuclear weapons from providing them to others and those without nuclear weapons from seeking them
World Trade Organization
a supranational organization that promotes free trade between its member countries
