Chapter 2: The Players and the Playing Field-Anarchy, States, and Non-State Actors Flashcards
International system
the constellation of international actors and the relationships between them
International actors
those who act in the international system; these actors can include states and non-state actors
State
a political legal unit that has identifiable population, is located with defined borders recognized by others, and has a government with sovereignty
Non-state actors
international actors that are not states, they may include IOs, NGOs, multinational corporations, and individuals
International governmental organizations (IOs)
international organizations whose membership is restricted to states
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
organizations whose membership is not restricted solely to states
Multinational corporations (MNCs)
companies that have subsidiaries (other companies) in multiple countries, also known as transnational corporations (TNCs)
Transnational advocacy networks (TANs)
networks defined by reciprocal, voluntary actions across national borders that must include non state actors (like individuals acting alone, social movements, or NGOs), any include states or IOs as well, represent a recurring, cooperative partnership with differentiated roles among the component parts
Subnational actors
those international actors normal seen as sub parts of a state, such as individuals or local governmental entities
Interdependence
mutual connections and reliance between international actors
Security dilemma
the steps that states take to make themselves secure often result in threats to other states whose reactions to those threats make the first state less secure; thus, what a state does to gain security can often make it less secure
Treaties of Westphalia
two treaties in 1648 that ended the Thirty Years’ War and created the modern international system
Feudalism
a socio-economic political system in which rulers would grant land to the local aristocracy in return for their loyalty and support, and others work the land in return for food, shelter, and protection form the local aristocracy
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)
- a series of wars that created many modern European states
- Modern sovereign states broke free from the Holy Roman Empire and created the principle of nonintervention in domestic affairs
- Religions of both people and rulers within a border was the concern of them alone
Head of government
the person who is in charge of a state’s government on a day-by-day basis and ensures that basic state functions and services are met
Head of state
the person who symbolically represents a state and to people
Parliamentary systems
governments with a prime minister as the head of government and either as a monarchy or president as the head of state
Presidential systems
governments with strong presidents as both head of state and the head of government
Semi-presidential system
governments with prime ministers who are responsible for most day to day governing but also have presidents who have some significant policy making roles
Authoritarian systems
nondemocratic governments with leaders who rule via force, who’s basis of power is the ability to coerce others or a submissive citizenry
Embassies
properties that house permanent diplomatic missions of other countries, typically located in the capital city of a state
Extraterritoriality
the principle that one is exempt from prosecution of the laws of the state; typically applied in the case of an embassy
Diplomats
individuals occupying positions in foreign policy establishments of states or the management of other organizations who represent and negotiation on behalf of their country or employer
Consulates
offices other than embassies where diplomatic officials facilitate commerce, travel, and cultural exchanges
Diplomatic immunity
the principle that accredited diplomats are exempt in almost all cases from prosecution under the laws of the state where they are assigned
Diplomacy
the art and practice of conducting negotiations
