Chapter 2 - The Periodic Table

Question 1

Periods and groups or families

Answer 1

Periods (rows)

Groups or families (columns)

Question 2

Electronegativity

Answer 2

Measure of the attractive force that an atom will exert on an electron in a chemical bond

Low- ability to easily give up electrons
High- more it attracts electrons within a bond

Question 3

Effective nuclear charge (Zeff)

Answer 3

Electrostatic attraction between nucleus and valence electrons
The more positive the nucleus is the higher this is

Question 4

Ionization energy

Answer 4

Aka. Ionization potential.

Energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous species

Question 5

Electron affinity

Answer 5

Refers to energy dissipated by gaseous species when it gains an electron (opposite of ionization energy)

Question 6

Gaining vs losing an electron

Answer 6

Gaining electron = exothermic process (releases heat)

Losing electron = endothermic process (requires heat)

Question 7

Transition elements

Answer 7

High melting and boiling points, malleable, good conductors due to loosely held electrons

Question 8

Readily form complex ions with H2O

Answer 8

Transition metals