Chapter 2: The living Cells

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms

Question 2

metabolism

Answer 2

the sum of all chemical reactions within the cell

Question 3

Growth and Reproduction

Answer 3

Cells can grow in size and divide to produce new cells

Question 4

Response to Stimuli

Answer 4

Cells can respond to external and internal stimuli

Question 5

Homeostasis

Answer 5

Cells maintain a stable internal environment/ Body at equilibrium

Question 6

Obtaining and Utilizing Energy

Answer 6

Cells acquire nutrients and convert them into energy

Question 7

Plasma Membrane

Answer 7

The outer boundary that regulated the passage of substances in and out of the cell

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

The semifluid material inside the cell, containing organelles

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

The central region containing genetic material (DNA) and the control center of the cell

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Small, non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis

Question 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 11

A network of membranes involved in lipid and protein synthesis

Question 12

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 12

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport

Question 13

Lysosomes

Answer 13

Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion and waste removal

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

Produce ATP (energy) through cellular respiration

Question 15

Peroxisomes

Answer 15

Contain enzymes for detoxification and lipid metabolism

Question 16

Cytoskeleton

Answer 16

Provides structural support and facilitates cell movement

Question 17

Centrosome

Answer 17

Small cylindrical structures within the centrosome, involved in cell division

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

Contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities

Question 19

Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)

Answer 19

Biconcave shape maximizes surface area for oxygen transport

Question 20

Neurons (Nerve Cells)

Answer 20

Long and highly branched to transmit electrical signals over long distances

Question 21

Sperm Cells

Answer 21

Have a streamlined, elongated shape for efficient swimming

Question 22

Muscle Cells (myocytes)

Answer 22

Elongated for contraction and force generation

Question 23

Epithelial Cells

Answer 23

Can have various shapes, such as squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), or columnar (column-shaped), based on their functions