Chapter 2- The Influence Of Individual Differences On Communication

Question 1

What does personality refer to?

Answer 1

Patterns of thought, feeling, motivation and behaviour. Consistent across time and situations. Relatively stable enduring patterns of thought, feelings, motivation and behaviour that are distinct and consistent

Question 2

What is Sigmund Freud psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 2

Proposed personality structured across different levels of consciousness. Our personality result of crossing various stages of psychosexual development.

Question 3

What do individual differences inform?

Answer 3

They inform whom a person chooses to communicate with and situation they choose to enter into. Some people or situations elicit feelings of comfort and some elicit other discomfort

Question 4

What is self awareness?

Answer 4

The process through which you monitor yourself to gather information that contributes to your self concept. Can be improved by being reflective, professional development

Question 5

What is self-esteem?

Answer 5

The negative or positive evaluation you make of yourself as a result of the worth you place on your values, beliefs, attitudes, strengths or weaknesses

Question 6

What is self-concept?

Answer 6

All aspects of who you are that contribute to your view of yourself, such as your strengths, weaknesses, skills, values or beliefs. Your self-awareness+ self-esteem

Question 7

What is Johari Window?

Answer 7

Describes various components of yourself that contribute to your conscious and unconscious awareness. Describes all you know about yourself and all that others know about you and groups this information into one of four window panes

Question 8

Johari window: open self

Answer 8

Known to others and known to self. All information about yourself that you have disclosed to others and others have made known to you

Question 9

Johari window: blind self

Answer 9

Known to others but not known to you. Information people may know about you but haven’t disclosed to you. E.g you scratch your nose every time you talk about a topic that causes you anxiety

Question 10

Johari window: hidden self

Answer 10

Not known to others but known to self. Information about yourself that you do not wish to share with others (at least initially)

Question 11

Johari window: Mystery Self

Answer 11

Not known to yourself and not known to others. All the information about yourself that you do not know and others do not know. E.g how you may react to a traumatic situation

Question 12

Influence of family

Answer 12

Earliest development influence on how you perceive yourself and how you communicate with others is your family

Question 13

Social learning theorist Albert Bandurra

Answer 13

Your parents act as models and reinforce certain positive social behaviours to shape how you communicate with them and with others

Question 14

What is attachment theory?

Answer 14

First used to describe series of behaviours infants display to attain and maintain proximity to caregiver. Caregiving experience received as young child shapes attachment security

Question 15

What is attachment style?

Answer 15

The cognitive, behavioural and emotional system you employ when participating in relationships. Your attachment style represents the cognitive, behavioural and emotional system you employ when participating in the relationships you have with people in your life

Question 16

What is secure attachment?

Answer 16

Example: I find it relatively easy to get too close to others and am comfortable depending on them and having them depending on me. I don’t worry about being abandoned or about someone getting too close to me.

Question 17

What is an anxious/ambivalent attachment?

Answer 17

Example: I find that others are reluctant to get as close as I would like. I often worry that my partner doesn’t really love me or won’t want to stay with me. I want to get very close to partner and this sometimes scares people away

Question 18

What is an avoidant attachment?

Answer 18

Example: I am somewhat uncomfortable being close to others; I find it difficult to trust them completely, difficult to allow myself to depend on them. I am nervous when anyone gets too close, and often others want me to be more intimate that I feel comfortable being

Question 19

What are individual difference variables?

Answer 19

They are elements that can’t be changed (your age), more easily changeable (self-concept, attitudes, self-regulation, knowledge) and things that are more stable throughout life (personality). Any aspect relating to who you are that makes you distinguishable from someone else