Chapter 2 - The Human Movement System Flashcards
Nervous System
- all movement starts here
- communication system to rest of the body
- cns and pns
CNS
- central nervous system
- brain and spinal cord
PNS
- Peripheral nervous system
- made up of all the nerves extending from cns
- carries messages to and from CNS
Neuron
- Basic functional unit of the nervous system
- 3 types
: sensory, interneurons, motor
Sensory Neurons
- receive information
- afferent (accept)
Interneurons
- carries and interprets information
Motor Neurons
- causes motor response
- efferent (effect)
Muscular System
Composed of muscles that help
Move and stabilize our body
Skeletal Muscle
- muscle that attaches to skeleton
- create movement around joints, using bones as levers
- 4 types (agonist, antagonist, synergist, stabilizer)
Agonist Muscles
- primer movers of a joint
- usually large muscles
Antagonist Muscles
- opposite muscles of prime mover
- decelerate movement that’s being produced
Synergist Muscles
- assist agonist muscle
- when agonist is too weak, this potentially becomes prime mover (not good), may create faulty movement
Stabilizer Muscles
- stabilizes body while prime mover and synergist work
- prevent unwanted motion to occur
Skeletal System
- supports us
- provides shape and form
- protect vital organs
- leverage for our muscles
Mechanoreceptors
Detect physical changes within the body
Golgi Tendon Organs
- sense tension and pressure in muscle
- serve as protective mechanism forcing a muscle to relax when tension is too high
Muscle Spindles
- located within muscle
- responsible for sending lengthening of muscle
- protect muscle from tearing when stretches too far (contracts)
Joint Receptors
- located in joint capsule
- sense motion, acceleration, deceleration of joint
- protect body by signaling the brain that a joint should not be put into a compromised position
Type 1 Muscle Fibers
- slow twitch
- contain more capillaries, more mitochondria, and myoglobin than muscle 2 fibers
Appendicular Skeleton
- Made up of upper and lower extremities as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdle
- approx 126 bones
Adrenal Gland
- located in endocrine system
- secretes hormones such as corticosteroids and catecholomaines in response to stress
Pituitary Gland
Release growth hormone during childhood up until puberty
Type 2 vs type 1 muscle fibers
Decreases oxygen delivery
The body’s ability to differentiate between walking on concrete and walking on sand is an example of which function of the nervous system?
Sensory
Sliding Filament Theory
- muscle contracts when actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening entire sarcomere
