Chapter 2 - The Human Movement System

Question 1

Nervous System

Answer 1

• all movement starts here
• communication system to rest of the body
• cns and pns

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

• central nervous system

- brain and spinal cord

Question 3

PNS

Answer 3

• Peripheral nervous system
• made up of all the nerves extending from cns
• carries messages to and from CNS

Question 4

Neuron

Answer 4

• Basic functional unit of the nervous system
• 3 types
  : sensory, interneurons, motor

Question 5

Sensory Neurons

Answer 5

• receive information

- afferent (accept)

Question 6

Interneurons

Answer 6

• carries and interprets information

Question 7

Motor Neurons

Answer 7

• causes motor response

- efferent (effect)

Question 8

Muscular System

Answer 8

Composed of muscles that help

Move and stabilize our body

Question 9

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 9

• muscle that attaches to skeleton
• create movement around joints, using bones as levers
• 4 types (agonist, antagonist, synergist, stabilizer)

Question 10

Agonist Muscles

Answer 10

• primer movers of a joint

- usually large muscles

Question 11

Antagonist Muscles

Answer 11

• opposite muscles of prime mover

- decelerate movement that’s being produced

Question 12

Synergist Muscles

Answer 12

• assist agonist muscle

- when agonist is too weak, this potentially becomes prime mover (not good), may create faulty movement

Question 13

Stabilizer Muscles

Answer 13

• stabilizes body while prime mover and synergist work

- prevent unwanted motion to occur

Question 14

Skeletal System

Answer 14

• supports us
• provides shape and form
• protect vital organs
• leverage for our muscles

Question 15

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 15

Detect physical changes within the body

Question 16

Golgi Tendon Organs

Answer 16

• sense tension and pressure in muscle

- serve as protective mechanism forcing a muscle to relax when tension is too high

Question 17

Muscle Spindles

Answer 17

• located within muscle
• responsible for sending lengthening of muscle
• protect muscle from tearing when stretches too far (contracts)

Question 18

Joint Receptors

Answer 18

• located in joint capsule
• sense motion, acceleration, deceleration of joint
• protect body by signaling the brain that a joint should not be put into a compromised position

Question 19

Type 1 Muscle Fibers

Answer 19

• slow twitch

- contain more capillaries, more mitochondria, and myoglobin than muscle 2 fibers

Question 20

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 20

• Made up of upper and lower extremities as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdle
• approx 126 bones

Question 21

Adrenal Gland

Answer 21

• located in endocrine system

- secretes hormones such as corticosteroids and catecholomaines in response to stress

Question 22

Pituitary Gland

Answer 22

Release growth hormone during childhood up until puberty

Question 23

Type 2 vs type 1 muscle fibers

Answer 23

Decreases oxygen delivery

Question 24

The body’s ability to differentiate between walking on concrete and walking on sand is an example of which function of the nervous system?

Answer 24

Sensory

Question 25

Sliding Filament Theory

Answer 25

• muscle contracts when actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening entire sarcomere