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Clinical Rotations > Chapter 2: The Human Body In Health and Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Human Body In Health and Disease Flashcards

0
Q

Adip/o

A

Fat

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1
Q

Coron/o

A

Crown, coronary

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2
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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3
Q

Caud/o

A

Lower part of the body

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4
Q

Cephal/o

A

Relating to the head

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5
Q

The study of the structures of the body

A

Anatomy

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6
Q

The study of the functions of these structure

A

Physiology

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7
Q

Imaginary vertical and horizontal lines that are used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes

A

Body plane

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8
Q

Up and down line that is at a right angle to the horizon

A

Vertical plane

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9
Q

Aka midline; vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, Into equal left and right halves

A

Midsagittal plane

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10
Q

Vertical plane parallel to the midline that divided the body into unequal left and right portions

A

Sagittal plane

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11
Q

Aka frontal plane; vertical plane at right angles to the Sagittal plane, that divided body into anterior(front) and posterior (back)

A

Coronal plane

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12
Q

Flat crosswise line like the horizon; divided body into superior(upper) and inferior (lower) portions

A

Horizontal plane aka transverse plane

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13
Q

Refers to front or belly side of the body or organ

A

Ventral

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14
Q

Refers to back of the body or organ

A

Dorsal

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15
Q

Situated in the front

A

Anterior

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16
Q

Situated in the back

A

Posterior

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17
Q

Uppermost, above, or toward the head

A

Superior

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18
Q

Lowermost, below, or towards feet

A

Inferior

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19
Q

Toward the head

A

Cephalic

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20
Q

Toward the lower part of the body

A

Caudal

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21
Q

Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

A

Proximal

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22
Q

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

A

Distal

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23
Q

Direction toward or nearer the midline

A

Medial

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24
Q

Direction toward or nearer the side away from the midline

A

Lateral

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25
Q

Space within body that contains and protects the internal organs

A

Body cavity

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26
Q

Located within the skull, protects the brain

A

Cranial cavity

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27
Q

Located within the spinal column, protects the spinal cord

A

Spinal cavity

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28
Q

Divided into 3 parts, contains anybody the body organs that maintain homeostasis

A

Ventral cavity

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29
Q

Maintaining a constant internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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30
Q

Control

A

-stasis

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31
Q

Aka chest cavity, protects the lungs and ❤️

A

Thoracic cavity

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32
Q

Muscle that separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

Diaphragm

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33
Q

Contains primarily the major organs of digestion aka abdomen

A

Abdominal cavity

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34
Q

Space form by hip bones; contains organs of reproductive and excretory systems

A

Pelvic cavity

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35
Q

No division between abdominal and pelvic cavities, referred as

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

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36
Q

Located on sides and are covered by lower ribs

A

Right and left hypochondriac

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37
Q

Term meaning below the ribs

A

Hypochondriac

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38
Q

Term Located above stomach

A

Epigastic

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39
Q

Membrane that protects and supports the organ located in the abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum

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40
Q

Outer layer of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

A

Parietal peritoneum

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41
Q

Inner layer of the membrane that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

A

Visceral peritoneum

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42
Q

Layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of he intestine within the abdominal cavity

A

Mesentery

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43
Q

Located behind peritoneum of the abdominal cavity

A

Retroperitoneal

44
Q

Inflammation of the peritoneum

A

Peritonitis

45
Q

Abnormal accumulation of clear or milky serous(watery) fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

Ascites

46
Q

Visual examination of the interior of the abdomen with the use of laparoscope

A

Laparoscopy

47
Q

Study of formation, structure, and function of the cell

A

Cytology

48
Q

Study of how genes are transferred from the parents to their children and role of genes in health and disease

A

Genetics

49
Q

Specialist in field of genetics

A

Geneticist

50
Q

Research to identify defective genes and go develop gene therapy to treat or replace these faulty genes

A

Genetic engineering

51
Q

Describes changes that occur within genes

A

Genetic mutation

52
Q

Change within cell of the body

A

Somatic cell mutation

53
Q

Change within the genes found in gamates (sperm or ovum)

A

Gametic cell mutation

54
Q

Disease or infection caused by a defective genes; aka hereditary disorders

A

Genetic disorders

55
Q

Genetic disorder of the exocrine glands

A

Cystic fibrosis

56
Q

Aka trisomy 21, a genetic syndrome characterized by varying degree of mental retardation and multiple physical abnormalities

A

Down syndrome

57
Q

Group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which one factors needed to clot the blood is missing

A

Hemophilia

58
Q

Hereditary disorder with symptoms that first appear in midlife and cause irreversible and progressive loss of muscle control and mental ability

A

Huntington’s disease or Huntington’s chorea

59
Q

Group of genetic disease characterized by progressive weakness of muscle funers

A

Muscular dystrophy

60
Q

Genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing

A

Phenylketonuria

61
Q

Serious genetic disorder caused by genes that produce abnormal hemoglobin in red blood cell

A

Sickle cell anemia

62
Q

Hereditary disease marked by progressive physical degeneration, mental retardation, and early death.

A

Tay- Sachs disease

63
Q

Abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth and may be caused by a developmental disorder before birth, prenatal influences, premature…

A

Congenital disorder

64
Q

Study of structure, composition, and function of tissue

A

Histology

65
Q

Cells with ability to divide without limit and to give rise to specialize cels

A

Stem cell aka precursor cell

66
Q

Tissue that form a protective covering for all of the interns and external surfaces of the body

A

Epithelial tissue

67
Q

Specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membrane

A

Epithelium

68
Q

Specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, both cavities, glands, and organs

A

Endothelium

69
Q

Support and connect organs and other body tissue

A

Connective tissue

70
Q

Aka fat, provides protective padding, insulation, and support and acts as a nutrient reserve

A

Adipose tissue

71
Q

Surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels

A

Loose connective tissue

72
Q

Blood and lymph

A

Liquid connective tissue

73
Q

Contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses

A

Nerve tissue

74
Q

Lack of development of an organ or tissue

A

Aplasia

75
Q

Incomplete development of an organ or tissue, but less severe in degree that aplsia

A

Hypoplasia

76
Q

Abnormal increase in number of normal cells in normal arrangement in a tissue

A

Hyperplasia

77
Q

Abnormal development or growth of cell

A

Dysplasia

78
Q

Change in structure of cells and their orientation to each other

A

Anaplasia

79
Q

Substance produce by gland

A

Secretion

80
Q

Surgical removal of gland

A

Adenectomy

81
Q

Inflammation of gland

A

Adenitis

82
Q

Benign tumor in which the cells form recognizable glandular structure

A

Adenoma

83
Q

Abdomen

A

Lapar/o

84
Q

Above

A

Eli

85
Q

Cell

A

Cyt/o

86
Q

Constant

A

Home/o

87
Q

Tissue

A

Hist/o

88
Q

Colon

A

Col/o

89
Q

Control

A

Stasis

90
Q

Disease, suffering, and emotion

A

Path/o

91
Q

Formation

A

-Plasm

92
Q

Behind

A

Retr/o

93
Q

Vein

A

Phleb/o

94
Q

Uterus

A

Hyster/o

95
Q

Cartilage

A

Chondr/o

96
Q

Skin

A

Derm/o

97
Q

Testicles

A

Orchid/o

98
Q

Somatic cell mutation cannot be transmitted to offspring

A

True

99
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is found only in the sperm and ovum

A

False

100
Q

Hypo gastric means above the stomach

A

False

101
Q

Ascites is an abnormal accumulation of watery fund in the peritoneal cavity

A

True

102
Q

The lumbar regions are located on the sides near the inward curvature of the spine

A

True

103
Q

An organ is a group of specialized cells that secrete fluids used elsewhere in the body.

A

False

104
Q

A congenital disorder is presented at birth

A

True

105
Q

Sickle cell anemia and sickle cell traits are two names for the same disease

A

False

106
Q

Cerebral palsy is a hereditary disorder

A

False

107
Q

Exocrine glands do not have ducts

A

False

Clinical Rotations (2 decks)

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