Chapter 2: The Human Body In Health and Disease Flashcards
0
Q
Adip/o
A
Fat
1
Q
Coron/o
A
Crown, coronary
2
Q
Aden/o
A
Gland
3
Q
Caud/o
A
Lower part of the body
4
Q
Cephal/o
A
Relating to the head
5
Q
The study of the structures of the body
A
Anatomy
6
Q
The study of the functions of these structure
A
Physiology
7
Q
Imaginary vertical and horizontal lines that are used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes
A
Body plane
8
Q
Up and down line that is at a right angle to the horizon
A
Vertical plane
9
Q
Aka midline; vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, Into equal left and right halves
A
Midsagittal plane
10
Q
Vertical plane parallel to the midline that divided the body into unequal left and right portions
A
Sagittal plane
11
Q
Aka frontal plane; vertical plane at right angles to the Sagittal plane, that divided body into anterior(front) and posterior (back)
A
Coronal plane
12
Q
Flat crosswise line like the horizon; divided body into superior(upper) and inferior (lower) portions
A
Horizontal plane aka transverse plane
13
Q
Refers to front or belly side of the body or organ
A
Ventral
14
Q
Refers to back of the body or organ
A
Dorsal
15
Q
Situated in the front
A
Anterior
16
Q
Situated in the back
A
Posterior
17
Q
Uppermost, above, or toward the head
A
Superior
18
Q
Lowermost, below, or towards feet
A
Inferior
19
Q
Toward the head
A
Cephalic
20
Q
Toward the lower part of the body
A
Caudal
21
Q
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
A
Proximal
22
Q
Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
A
Distal
23
Q
Direction toward or nearer the midline
A
Medial
24
Direction toward or nearer the side away from the midline
Lateral
25
Space within body that contains and protects the internal organs
Body cavity
26
Located within the skull, protects the brain
Cranial cavity
27
Located within the spinal column, protects the spinal cord
Spinal cavity
28
Divided into 3 parts, contains anybody the body organs that maintain homeostasis
Ventral cavity
29
Maintaining a constant internal environment
Homeostasis
30
Control
-stasis
31
Aka chest cavity, protects the lungs and ❤️
Thoracic cavity
32
Muscle that separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Diaphragm
33
Contains primarily the major organs of digestion aka abdomen
Abdominal cavity
34
Space form by hip bones; contains organs of reproductive and excretory systems
Pelvic cavity
35
No division between abdominal and pelvic cavities, referred as
Abdominopelvic cavity
36
Located on sides and are covered by lower ribs
Right and left hypochondriac
37
Term meaning below the ribs
Hypochondriac
38
Term Located above stomach
Epigastic
39
Membrane that protects and supports the organ located in the abdominal cavity
Peritoneum
40
Outer layer of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
Parietal peritoneum
41
Inner layer of the membrane that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
Visceral peritoneum
42
Layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of he intestine within the abdominal cavity
Mesentery
43
Located behind peritoneum of the abdominal cavity
Retroperitoneal
44
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Peritonitis
45
Abnormal accumulation of clear or milky serous(watery) fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
46
Visual examination of the interior of the abdomen with the use of laparoscope
Laparoscopy
47
Study of formation, structure, and function of the cell
Cytology
48
Study of how genes are transferred from the parents to their children and role of genes in health and disease
Genetics
49
Specialist in field of genetics
Geneticist
50
Research to identify defective genes and go develop gene therapy to treat or replace these faulty genes
Genetic engineering
51
Describes changes that occur within genes
Genetic mutation
52
Change within cell of the body
Somatic cell mutation
53
Change within the genes found in gamates (sperm or ovum)
Gametic cell mutation
54
Disease or infection caused by a defective genes; aka hereditary disorders
Genetic disorders
55
Genetic disorder of the exocrine glands
Cystic fibrosis
56
Aka trisomy 21, a genetic syndrome characterized by varying degree of mental retardation and multiple physical abnormalities
Down syndrome
57
Group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which one factors needed to clot the blood is missing
Hemophilia
58
Hereditary disorder with symptoms that first appear in midlife and cause irreversible and progressive loss of muscle control and mental ability
Huntington's disease or Huntington's chorea
59
Group of genetic disease characterized by progressive weakness of muscle funers
Muscular dystrophy
60
Genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing
Phenylketonuria
61
Serious genetic disorder caused by genes that produce abnormal hemoglobin in red blood cell
Sickle cell anemia
62
Hereditary disease marked by progressive physical degeneration, mental retardation, and early death.
Tay- Sachs disease
63
Abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth and may be caused by a developmental disorder before birth, prenatal influences, premature...
Congenital disorder
64
Study of structure, composition, and function of tissue
Histology
65
Cells with ability to divide without limit and to give rise to specialize cels
Stem cell aka precursor cell
66
Tissue that form a protective covering for all of the interns and external surfaces of the body
Epithelial tissue
67
Specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membrane
Epithelium
68
Specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, both cavities, glands, and organs
Endothelium
69
Support and connect organs and other body tissue
Connective tissue
70
Aka fat, provides protective padding, insulation, and support and acts as a nutrient reserve
Adipose tissue
71
Surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
Loose connective tissue
72
Blood and lymph
Liquid connective tissue
73
Contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses
Nerve tissue
74
Lack of development of an organ or tissue
Aplasia
75
Incomplete development of an organ or tissue, but less severe in degree that aplsia
Hypoplasia
76
Abnormal increase in number of normal cells in normal arrangement in a tissue
Hyperplasia
77
Abnormal development or growth of cell
Dysplasia
78
Change in structure of cells and their orientation to each other
Anaplasia
79
Substance produce by gland
Secretion
80
Surgical removal of gland
Adenectomy
81
Inflammation of gland
Adenitis
82
Benign tumor in which the cells form recognizable glandular structure
Adenoma
83
Abdomen
Lapar/o
84
Above
Eli
85
Cell
Cyt/o
86
Constant
Home/o
87
Tissue
Hist/o
88
Colon
Col/o
89
Control
Stasis
90
Disease, suffering, and emotion
Path/o
91
Formation
-Plasm
92
Behind
Retr/o
93
Vein
Phleb/o
94
Uterus
Hyster/o
95
Cartilage
Chondr/o
96
Skin
Derm/o
97
Testicles
Orchid/o
98
Somatic cell mutation cannot be transmitted to offspring
True
99
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is found only in the sperm and ovum
False
100
Hypo gastric means above the stomach
False
101
Ascites is an abnormal accumulation of watery fund in the peritoneal cavity
True
102
The lumbar regions are located on the sides near the inward curvature of the spine
True
103
An organ is a group of specialized cells that secrete fluids used elsewhere in the body.
False
104
A congenital disorder is presented at birth
True
105
Sickle cell anemia and sickle cell traits are two names for the same disease
False
106
Cerebral palsy is a hereditary disorder
False
107
Exocrine glands do not have ducts
False
