Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health and Disease Flashcards
chapter 2: 1/31
aden/o
Gland
adip/o
Fat
anter/o
Before, Infront
Caud/o
Lower part of body, Tail
Cephal/o
Head
cyt/o, cyte
Cell
end, endo
in , within, inside
hist/o
tissue
exo
out of outside, away from
-ologist
Specialist
-ology
The science or study of
path/o, pathy
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
plas/i, plas/o, -plasia
Development, growth, formation
Poster/o
Behind, toward the back
-stasis, -static
Control and maintenance of a constant level
-ectomy
Surgical Removal
Carcin
Cancer
-oma
Tumor
Malacia
Abnormal softening
-Sclerosis
Abnormal Hardening
-ana
backwards
-plasia
formation
-anter
front or before
-ior
Pertaining to
Abdominal Cavity
Contains the major organs of digestion.
Adenectomy
The surgical removal of a gland
Adenocarcinoma
any one of a large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue
Adenoma
A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
Adenomalacia
The abnormal softening of a gland
adenosclerosis
The abnormal hardening of a gland
Anaplasia
a change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other
anatomy
is the study of the structures of the body
anomaly
is the deviation from what is regarded as normal
Anterior
Means situated in the front, it also means on the front or forward part of an organ
aplasia
is the defective development or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue
bloodborne transmission
is the spread of a disease through contact with infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by infected blood
Caudal
toward the lower part of the body
cephalic
toward the head
chromosome
is a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell
communicable disease
contagious disease; any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly orby indirect contact with contaminated objects
congenital disorder
an abnormal condition that exist at the time of birth
cytoplasm
the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
congenital
existing at birth
distal
Situated farthest from the mid-line or beginning of a body structure
Dorsal
Refers to the back of the organ or body
dysplasia
An abnormal development growth of cells, tissues, or organs
endemic
Refers to the ongoing, presence of a disease within a population, group or area
Exocrine glands
Secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of body such as, sweat glands
epidemic
is a sudden and wide spread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
epigastric region
is located above the stomach
etiology
is the study if the causes of diseases
endocrine glands
release hormones into the bloodstream.
functional disorder
Produces symptoms for which no physicological or anatomical cause can be identified
Genetic disorder
a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
geriatrician
a physician who specializes in the care of older people
Hemophilia
a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.
- This Blood coagulation disorder is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or severe bleeding following an injury
histology
is the microscopic study of the structure, composition and function of tissues
homeostasis
Is the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
Hyperplasia
Is the enlargement of an organ or tissues because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissue
hypertrophy
A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number of cells in the tissue
hypogastric region
Is located below the stomach
Hypoplasia
is the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells?
iatrogenic illness
is an unfavorable response due to the prescribe medical treatment
idiopathic disorder
an illness without known cauuse
infectious diseas
an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria & viruses
inguinal
refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen
medial
the direction toward or near, the midline
mesentery
is a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
Midsagittal Plane
also known as the mid line, is the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left & right halves
nosocomial infection
is a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
pandemic
refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
Pelvic cavity
is the space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory system
peritoneum
is a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
phenylketonuria
a rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing
physiology
is the study of the functions of the structure of the body
posterior
situated in the back. it also means on the back part of an organ
Proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning of the body structure
retroperitoneal
located behind the peritoneum
STEM cells
are unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
Thoracic cavity
(Chest cavity or thorax); surround and protect the heart and the lungs
Transverse plane
Is a horizontal plan that divides the body into superior(upper) & inferior (lower) portions
- waist line area
Vector-borne transmission
Is the spread of a certain disease due to the bite of a vector.
ex. insects, rodents, etc.
umbilicus
Navel, belly button. This pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth
Ventral
refers to the front or belly side of the organ or body.
