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SCIE 050: Medical Terminology > Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health and Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health and Disease Flashcards

chapter 2: 1/31

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aden/o

A

Gland

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2
Q

adip/o

A

Fat

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3
Q

anter/o

A

Before, Infront

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4
Q

Caud/o

A

Lower part of body, Tail

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5
Q

Cephal/o

A

Head

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6
Q

cyt/o, cyte

A

Cell

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7
Q

end, endo

A

in , within, inside

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8
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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9
Q

exo

A

out of outside, away from

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10
Q

-ologist

A

Specialist

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11
Q

-ology

A

The science or study of

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12
Q

path/o, pathy

A

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

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13
Q

plas/i, plas/o, -plasia

A

Development, growth, formation

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14
Q

Poster/o

A

Behind, toward the back

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15
Q

-stasis, -static

A

Control and maintenance of a constant level

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16
Q

-ectomy

A

Surgical Removal

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17
Q

Carcin

A

Cancer

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17
Q

-oma

A

Tumor

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18
Q

Malacia

A

Abnormal softening

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19
Q

-Sclerosis

A

Abnormal Hardening

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20
Q

-ana

A

backwards

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21
Q

-plasia

A

formation

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22
Q

-anter

A

front or before

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23
Q

-ior

A

Pertaining to

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24
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Contains the major organs of digestion.

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25
Q

Adenectomy

A

The surgical removal of a gland

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26
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

any one of a large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue

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27
Q

Adenoma

A

A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

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28
Q

Adenomalacia

A

The abnormal softening of a gland

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29
Q

adenosclerosis

A

The abnormal hardening of a gland

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30
Q

Anaplasia

A

a change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other

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31
Q

anatomy

A

is the study of the structures of the body

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32
Q

anomaly

A

is the deviation from what is regarded as normal

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33
Q

Anterior

A

Means situated in the front, it also means on the front or forward part of an organ

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34
Q

aplasia

A

is the defective development or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue

35
Q

bloodborne transmission

A

is the spread of a disease through contact with infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by infected blood

36
Q

Caudal

A

toward the lower part of the body

37
Q

cephalic

A

toward the head

38
Q

chromosome

A

is a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

39
Q

communicable disease

A

contagious disease; any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly orby indirect contact with contaminated objects

40
Q

congenital disorder

A

an abnormal condition that exist at the time of birth

41
Q

cytoplasm

A

the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

42
Q

congenital

A

existing at birth

43
Q

distal

A

Situated farthest from the mid-line or beginning of a body structure

44
Q

Dorsal

A

Refers to the back of the organ or body

45
Q

dysplasia

A

An abnormal development growth of cells, tissues, or organs

46
Q

endemic

A

Refers to the ongoing, presence of a disease within a population, group or area

47
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of body such as, sweat glands

48
Q

epidemic

A

is a sudden and wide spread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

49
Q

epigastric region

A

is located above the stomach

50
Q

etiology

A

is the study if the causes of diseases

51
Q

endocrine glands

A

release hormones into the bloodstream.

52
Q

functional disorder

A

Produces symptoms for which no physicological or anatomical cause can be identified

53
Q

Genetic disorder

A

a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

54
Q

geriatrician

A

a physician who specializes in the care of older people

55
Q

Hemophilia

A

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.
- This Blood coagulation disorder is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or severe bleeding following an injury

56
Q

histology

A

is the microscopic study of the structure, composition and function of tissues

57
Q

homeostasis

A

Is the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

58
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Is the enlargement of an organ or tissues because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissue

59
Q

hypertrophy

A

A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number of cells in the tissue

60
Q

hypogastric region

A

Is located below the stomach

61
Q

Hypoplasia

A

is the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells?

62
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

is an unfavorable response due to the prescribe medical treatment

63
Q

idiopathic disorder

A

an illness without known cauuse

64
Q

infectious diseas

A

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria & viruses

65
Q

inguinal

A

refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen

66
Q

medial

A

the direction toward or near, the midline

66
Q

mesentery

A

is a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

67
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

also known as the mid line, is the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left & right halves

68
Q

nosocomial infection

A

is a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

69
Q

pandemic

A

refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

70
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

is the space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory system

71
Q

peritoneum

A

is a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

72
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

73
Q

phenylketonuria

A

a rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

74
Q

physiology

A

is the study of the functions of the structure of the body

75
Q

posterior

A

situated in the back. it also means on the back part of an organ

76
Q

Proximal

A

situated nearest the midline or beginning of the body structure

77
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum

78
Q

STEM cells

A

are unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

79
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

(Chest cavity or thorax); surround and protect the heart and the lungs

80
Q

Transverse plane

A

Is a horizontal plan that divides the body into superior(upper) & inferior (lower) portions
- waist line area

81
Q

Vector-borne transmission

A

Is the spread of a certain disease due to the bite of a vector.
ex. insects, rodents, etc.

82
Q

umbilicus

A

Navel, belly button. This pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth

83
Q

Ventral

A

refers to the front or belly side of the organ or body.

SCIE 050: Medical Terminology (1 decks)

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