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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health and Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health and Disease Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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3
Q

anter/o

A

before, front

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4
Q

caud/o

A

lower part of body, tail

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5
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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6
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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7
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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8
Q

end-

A

in, within, inside

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9
Q

endo-

A

in, within, inside

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10
Q

exo-

A

out of, outside, away from

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11
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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12
Q

-ologist

A

specialist

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13
Q

-ology

A

the science or study of

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14
Q

path/o

A

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

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15
Q

-pathy

A

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

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16
Q

-plasia

A

development, growth, formation

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17
Q

poster/o

A

behind, toward the back

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18
Q

-stasis

A

control, maintenance of a constant level

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19
Q

-static

A

control, maintenance of a constant level

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20
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains the major organs of digestion.

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21
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body.

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22
Q

adenoma

A

benign tumor that starts in the epithelial tissue of a gland or gland-like stucture.

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23
Q

anaplasia

A

Definition:
a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.

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24
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structures of the body.

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25
Q

anomaly

A

a deviation from what is regarded as normal.

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26
Q

anterior

A

situated in the front.

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27
Q

aplasia

A

the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue.

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28
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage.

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29
Q

autopsy

A

a postmortem examination

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30
Q

cephalic

A

toward the head.

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30
Q

bloodborne transmission

A

the spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids.

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31
Q

caudal

A

toward the lower part of the body.

32
Q

chromosome

A

Definition:
a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell.

33
Q

communicable disease

A

any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects.

34
Q

congenital disorder

A

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.

35
Q

cytoplasm

A

the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.

36
Q

distal

A

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.

37
Q

dysplasia

A

the abnormal development or growth of cells, or the presence of abnormal cells within a type of tissue.

37
Q

dorsal

A

the back of the organ or body.

38
Q

endemic

A

the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area.

39
Q

endocrine glands

A

produce hormones, do not have ducts.

40
Q

epidemic

A

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.

41
Q

epigastric region

A

located above the stomach.

42
Q

etiology

A

the study of the causes of diseases or abnormal conditions.

43
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body.

44
Q

functional disorder

A

a condition that produced physical symptoms for which no disease or other organic cause can be identified.

45
Q

genetic disorder

A

a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.

46
Q

geriatrician

A

a physician who specializes in the care of older people.

47
Q

hemophilia

A

a hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.

48
Q

histology

A

the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues.

49
Q

homeostasis

A

the proceses through which the body maintains a constant inernal environment.

50
Q

hyperplasia

A

an increase in he number of cells in a tissue or organ.

51
Q

hypertrophy

A

a general increase In the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size, but not the number, of cells in the tissues.

52
Q

hypogastric region

A

located below the stomach.

53
Q

hypoplasia

A

the underdevelopment of an organ or tissue, usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.

54
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment.

55
Q

idiopathic disease

A

any disease without a known cause.

56
Q

infectious disease

A

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses.

57
Q

inguinal

A

relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen.

58
Q

medial

A

the directon toward, or, nearer the midline.

59
Q

mesentery

A

a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.

60
Q

midsagittal plane

A

also known as the midline, the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

61
Q

nosocomial infection

A

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting.

62
Q

pandemic

A

an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, sometimes even worldwide.

63
Q

pathology

A

the study of disease.

64
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.

65
Q

peritoneum

A

a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.

66
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum.

67
Q

physiology

A

the study of the functions of the structures of the body.

68
Q

posterior

A

situated in the back or on the back part of an organ.

69
Q

proximal

A

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.

70
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum.

71
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division.

72
Q

syndrome

A

a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process.

73
Q

thoracic cavity

A

also known as the chest cavity or thorax; surrounds and protects the heart and lungs.

74
Q

transverse plane

A

a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.

75
Q

umbilicus

A

commonly known as the belly button or navel, this pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

76
Q

vector-borne transmission

A

is the spread of certain disease through blood-sucking vectors.

77
Q

ventral

A

refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body.

Medical Terminology (2 decks)

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