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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health and Disease Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health and Disease Medical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal cavity (ab-DOM-ih-nal)

A

The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion

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2
Q

adenectomy (ad-eh-NECK-toh-mee)

A

The surgical removal of a gland

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3
Q

adenocarcinoma (ad-eh-noh-kar-sih-NOH-mah)

A

a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

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4
Q

adenoma (ad-eh-NOH-mah)

A

a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

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5
Q

adenomalacia (ad-eh-noh-mah-LAY-shee-ah)

A

abnormal softening of a gland

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6
Q

adenosclerosis (ad-eh-noh-skleh-ROH-sis)

A

abnormal hardening of a gland

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7
Q

anaplasia (an-ah-PLAY-zee-ah)

A

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

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8
Q

anatomy (ah-NAT-oh-mee)

A

the study of the structures of the body

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9
Q

anomaly (ah-NOM-ah-lee)

A

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

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10
Q

anterior (an-TEER-ee-or)

A

situated in front

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11
Q

aplasia (ah-PLAY-zee-ah)

A

the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

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12
Q

bloodborne transmission

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the spread of disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood

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13
Q

caudal (KAW-dal)

A

toward the lower part of the body

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14
Q

cephalic (seh-FAL-ick)

A

toward the head

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15
Q

chromosome (KROH-moh-sohme)

A

a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

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16
Q

communicable disease (kuh-MEW-nih-kuh-bul)

A

any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects

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17
Q

congenital disorder (kon-JEN-ih-tahl)

A

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

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18
Q

cytoplasm (SIGH-toh-plazm)

A

the material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

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19
Q

distal (DIS-tal)

A

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

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20
Q

dorsal (DOR-sal)

A

back of the body or organ

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21
Q

dysplasia (dis-PLAY-see-ah)

A

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

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22
Q

endemic (en-DEM-ick)

A

referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area

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23
Q

endocrine glands (EN-doh-krin)

A

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

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24
Q

epidemic (ep-ih-DEM-ick)

A

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

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25
epigastric region (ep-ih-GAS-trick)
the region located above the stomach
26
etiology (ee-tee-OL-oh-jee)
the study of the causes of diseases
27
exocrine glands (ECK-soh-krin)
glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body
28
functional disorder
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
29
genetic disorder
a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
30
geriatrician
a physician who specializes in the care of older people
31
hemophilia
a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing
32
histology
the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
33
homeostasis
the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
34
Hyperplasia
The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
35
Hypertrophy
A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size but not in the number of cells in the tissues
36
Hypogastric region
The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach
37
Hypoplasia
The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency In the number of cells
38
Iatrogenic illness
Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
39
Idiopathic disorder
An illness without known cause
40
Infections disease
Illness caused by a living pathogenic organisms such bacteria and viruses
41
Inguinal
Relating to the groin; refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin
42
Medial
The direction toward or nearer the midline
43
Mesentery
The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
44
Midsagittal plane
The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves
45
Nosocomial infection
A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
46
Pandemic
A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
47
Pelvic cavity
The space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
48
Peritoneum
The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
49
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
50
Phenylketonuria
A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing
51
Physiology
The study of the functions of the body structures
52
Posterior
Situated in the back or on the back part of an organ
53
Proximal
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
54
Retroperitoneal
Located behind the peritoneum
55
Stem cells
Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division
56
Thoracic cavity
The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs; also known as the chest cavity
57
Transverse plane
The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions
58
Umbilicus
The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth
59
Vector-borne transmission
The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease
60
Ventral
Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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