Chapter 2: The History of Nursing and Nursing Education Flashcards
Why does nursing history matter?
The history tells us where we came from, allowing us to learn from the past, gives context to practice, enhances professional identity, and teaches us.
Gives us knowledge needed to understand the profession and the significance of nurses in the healthcare field
What did the first nurses do? What were they before the name “nurse” was introduced?
They were physicians who provided and administered healthcare. They were Nuns and called “sisters”.
They provided care for those who did not have a physician – the normal people. Associated with a religion.
What were male attendants known as in the sickbay?
Carers
Who was Mary Rollet Hebert?
First lay-person to treat people who were hungry and sick in New France (Quebec). She was appointed by Jesuit Priests to treat indigenous peoples and settlers. Mary Rollet Hebert was not directly associated with a religion when she was caring – she did not attempt to save the soul of the patient.
She was not in the field of nursing and used knowledge of herbs and treatment from the Indigenous
What was catholic nursing tradition?
- Female religious order
- had no training as a nurse
- still just caregivers; nursing wasn’t seeing as a profession
- hospital administrators/ leaders were women
- St Augustinian Nurses (nuns) 1639 - care for the sick
- St Augustinian Nurses managed Hotel Dieu de Quebec
Who is Jeanne Mance?
Founder of Hotel Dieu de Quebec in 1642, the first hospital in Canada
She was the only person knowledgeable in healthcare at the time
How many hospitals were built in Canada from 1642 to 1947?
- 146 hospitals by 1946
Who were the first nurses in Canada?
- St Augustinian Nurses (nuns) 1639, 3 arrived in Quebec in 1639
Who is Sister Saint Martin?
Performed an amputation successfully and excelled at surgery as a lay-person (non-surgeon)
Nursing sisters (Catholic hospitals)
Nursing sisters who put mission before profit
they viewed their work as a spiritual ministry
; they found creative ways to push against the hierarchical boundaries of the church (where women were expected to be subservient to bishops and priests)
What disease were the Indigenous blamed for?
Tuberculosis outbreak
Who cared for children at residential schools?
Nuns who taught were also carers
What group controlled indigenous health initiatives from 1890 to 1945?
Indian affairs
Colonial Healthcare in Canada: what were Indian hospitals?
1890s - 1945
- an initial purpose was to reduce the prevalence and tuberculosis spread
- grey nuns = the sister of charity of Montréal
- unequal health care/ underfunded, overcrowded, understaffed
- many of them housed in residential schools & military barracks
- lacked basic amenities (e.g. laundry and kitchen facilities)
some of the highest morbidity/ mortality rates in the country (tuberculosis)
How were Residential schools similar to Indian Hospitals?
Used to assimilate Indigenous People to Euro-Canadian society
- replaced traditional healing practices with biomedicine
- segregation and colonial practices negatively impacted Indigenous
What is being done to decolonize healthcare?
- Canadian nurses indigenous association
- Advocated for Indigenous control over indigenous health care
- Expanded indigenous Nurses caring for their people
- Transformed the relationship between the indigenous people and the gov more work can be done to address inequities in nursing and health care
Who was Florence Nightingale and what were her major achievements?
- founder of modern day nursing
- nursed during the war in Crimea
- known as the Lady with the lamp
- believed in aseptic technique and hygiene practices to reduce mortality rates
- the Nightingale fund was used to create the first school of nursing
- reduced infection rates in soldiers in the Crimea War
- advocated for nursing education
Who was Mary Seacole and what were her achievements?
- Nurse from Jamaica
- practiced creole / afro-caribbean medicine
- diagnosed cause and treated cholera and yellow fever patients with her medicinal herbs
What are Grey Nuns?
- Founded by Marie-Margueirte d’Youville
- Formed in 1738
- Provided care with charitable intentions
Who is Marie-Marguerite d’Youville?
Founder of the Grey Nuns in 1738
First Canadian-born saint. Sold liquor and tobacco to fund their catholic hospitals.
Who is Mary Agnes Snively?
Founder of professional nursing and nursing education in Canada.
Focused on knowledge over housekeeping tasks for nurses. Helped remove housekeeping tasks from nurses
Founding member of International Council of Nurses and was its first treasurer. Established first nursing student residence and curriculum in Canada.
Timeline for Nursing Education in Canada (1860s): #1
Apprenticeship model of nursing
- a degree-level qualification that blends university studies with on-the-job learning.
