Chapter 2- The Digestive System Flashcards
Where is food broken down?
In the digestive system
What are the functions of the digestive system?
- food broken down into tiny particles
- nutrients passed into blood so can be used by body
- waste is excreted
What are the physical changes food goes through?
The teeth cut and grind the food in the mouth
The stomach churns food into smooth mix
What chemical changes does food go through?
Digestive enzymes help to break down food for absorption into blood
Wha is protein changed to?
Amino acids
What is fat changed to?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are carbohydrates changed to?
Simple sugars e.g. Glucose
Describe the mouths job?
- The teeth cut and grind the food into small particles.
- The foods mixed with saliva
- Amylase changes any carbohydrates(starch) into maltose
What is the oesophagus’ job?
It pushes the food down to the stomach by paristalis
What does the stomach do?
Its a muscular bag that stores food and churns it into a smooth liquid.
What does the small intestine do?
Its a long tube that joins the stomach to large intestine. Bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice is added to food here. The digested food is absorbed into blood
What does the pancreas do?
Produces enzymes
What does the liver do?
Produces bile to help break down fats
What is absorption?
Its the movement of digested food from the small intestine to the blood
How does absorption take place?
The inside of small intestine is covered with tiny hair like fingers called villi. Digested food goes from small intestine to blood through the villi. Glucose and amino acids go directly into the blood. Fatty acids nd glycerol go into the lymph system first and then into the blood. The blood transports the digested food around the body, hwere its used in the cells for growth and energy.
