Chapter 2: The Constitution Jordan Porter

Question 1

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 1

A key framer who envisioned a powerful central government, co-authored The Federalist papers, and served as the first secretary of the treasury

Question 2

Anti-federalist

Answer 2

Those who favored strong state government and a weak national government: opposed ratification of the U.S. constitution

Question 3

Article 1

Answer 3

Vested all legislative power in the congress and established s bicameral legislature, consisting of the House of the Representatives: it also sets out the qualifications for holding office in each house, the term of office, the methods of selection of representatives and senators, and the system of apportionment among the states to determine membership in the House of Representatives.

Question 4

Article 2

Answer 4

Vests the executive power, that is, the authority to execute the laws of the nation, in a president of the United States; section 1 sets the president’s term of office at four years and explains the Electoral College and states the qualifications for office and describes the mechanism to replace the president in case of death, disability, or removal from office

Question 5

Article 3

Answer 5

Establishes a supreme court and defines it’s jurisdiction.

Question 6

Article 4

Answer 6

Mandates that states honor the laws and judicial proceeding of other states. Article 4 also includes the mechanism for admitting new states to the union.

Question 7

Article 5

Answer 7

Specifies how amendments can be added to the constitution.

Question 8

Article 6

Answer 8

Contains the supremacy clause, which asserts the basic primacy of the constitution and national law over state laws and constitution.

Question 9

Articles of Confederation

Answer 9

The compact between the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendships, with the national government drawing its powers from the states.

Question 10

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 10

A brilliant inventor and senior statesman at the constitutional convention who urged colonial unity as early as 1754, twenty-two years before the Declaration of Independence.

Question 11

Bill of Rights

Answer 11

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties.

Question 12

Checks and Balances

Answer 12

A constitutionality mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of others.

Question 13

Common Sense

Answer 13

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that challenged the authority of the British government to govern the colonies.

Question 14

Constitution

Answer 14

A document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government.

Question 15

Constitutional Convention

Answer 15

The meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that was first intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but produced an entirely new document, the U.S. constitution.

Question 16

Declaration of Independence

Answer 16

Document drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain.

Question 17

Electoral College

Answer 17

The system established by the constitution through which the president is chosen by electors from each state which has as many electoral votes as it has members of congress.

Question 18

Enumerated Powers

Answer 18

The powers of the national government specifically granted to congress in Article 1, section 8 of the constitution.

Question 19

Federalism

Answer 19

The distribution of constitutional authority between state governments and the national government, with different
powers and functions exercised by both.

Question 20

Federalist

Answer 20

Those who favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution; later became the first U.S. political party.

Question 21

The Federalist papers

Answer 21

A series of eighty-five political essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 22

First Continental Congress

Answer 22

Meeting held in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774 in which 56 (from every colony except virginia) adopted a resoultion un opposition to the coercive acts

Question 23

French and Indian War

Answer 23

The American phase of what was called the seven year war, fought from 1754 to 1763 between Britain and France with Indian allies.

Question 24

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 24

Section of Article 4 of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state.

Question 25

George Washington

Answer 25

Widely considered the “Father of the Nation” he was the commander of the revolutionary armies: served as the presiding officer of the constitutional convention: and as the United States first president from 1789 to 1797.

Question 26

Great Compromise

Answer 26

The final decisions of the Constitutional Convention to create a two-house legislature, with the lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the two houses; also made national law supreme.

Question 27

Implied Powers

Answer 27

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper
clause.

Question 28

Inherent Powers

Answer 28

Powers that belong to the president because they can be inferred from the constitution.

Question 29

James Madison

Answer 29

A key framer often called the “Father of the Constitution” for his role in conceptualizing the federal government. Co-authored The Federalist Papers: served as secretary of state;served as fourth U.S. president from 1809 to 1817.

Question 30

John Jay

Answer 30

A member of the founding generation who was the first Chief Justice of the United States. A diplomat and co-author of the Federalist Papers

Question 31

Lexington and Concord

Answer 31

The first sites of armed conflict between revolutionaries and British soldiers, remembered for the “shot heard round the world” in 1775.

Question 32

Mercantilism

Answer 32

An economic theory designed to increase a nations wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.

Question 33

Montesquieu

Answer 33

The French baron and political theorist who first articulated the concept of sepereation of powers with checks and balances.

Question 34

Necessary and proper clause

Answer 34

The final paragraph of Article 1 section 8 of the constitution, which gives congress the authority to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the constitution; also called the elastic clause.

Question 35

New Jersey Plan

Answer 35

A framework for the constitution proposed by a group pf small states; it called for one-house legislature with a one vote for each state, a congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court appointed for life.

Question 36

New World

Answer 36

The Western Hemisphere of Earth, also called The Americas, which was unknown to Europeans before 1492.

Question 37

Political Culture

Answer 37

Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how government should operate.

Question 38

Samuel Adams

Answer 38

Cousin to President John Adams and an early leader against the British and loyalist oppressors: he played a key role in developing the Committees of Correspondence and was active in Massachusetts and Colonial politics.

Question 39

Second Continental Congress

Answer 39

Meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775 at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in Chief .

Question 40

Separations of Power

Answer 40

A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the Constitution.

Question 41

Shays Rebellion

Answer 41

A rebellion in which an army of disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel Shays marched to Springfield, Massachusetts and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms.

Question 42

Social Contract Theory

Answer 42

The belief that government exist based on the consent of the governed.

Question 43

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 43

Loosely organized groups of patriotic American colonist who were early revolutionaries.

Question 44

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 44

A gathering of nine colonial representatives in 1765 in New York City where a detailed list of Crown violations was drafted; first official meeting of the colonies and the first official step toward creating a unified nation.

Question 45

Supremacy Clause

Answer 45

Portion of Article VI of the Constitution mandating that national law is supreme over (that is, supersedes) all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government.

Question 46

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 46

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the United States; third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809 Co-founder of the Democratic-Republican Party created to oppose Federalist.

Question 47

Thomas Paine

Answer 47

The influential writer of Common Sense a pamphlet that advocated for independence from Great Britain.

Question 48

Three-Fifth Compromise

Answer 48

Agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that three-fifths of the total slave population of each state was to be for purposes of determining population for representation in the U.S. House of representatives.

Question 49

Virginia Plan

Answer 49

A proposed framework of the Constitution favoring large states. It called for a bicameral legislature, which would appoint executives and judicial officers.

Question 50

Crispus Attucks

Answer 50

An African American and first American to die in what became known as the Boston Massacre in 1770.

Question 51

Critical Period

Answer 51

The chaotic period from 1781 to 1789 after the American Revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederation.