Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Water

Question 1

What are the 4 uses of water as a lubricant and cushion?

Answer 1

1. Synovial Fluid (Synovial joints)
2. Pleural Fluid (pleural membranes)
3. Mucus (lining digestive tract, etc.)
4. Cerebrospinal fluid (within and around CNS)

Question 2

How does water act as a heat sink?

Answer 2

It absorbs heat from your core, and transports it to the peripheral capillaries and skin.

Peripheral Capillaries = radiant heat loss.

Skin = evaporative heat loss.

Question 3

Look at the ATP Energy Cycle

Answer 3

Question 4

Define: Mixture

Answer 4

a physical combination of two or more substances that aren’t chemically joined

Question 5

Define: Solution

Answer 5

A homogenous mixture where a solute is dissolved into a solvent.

Ex: NaCl in H2O.

Question 6

Define: Solute

Answer 6

A substance that is dissolved into a solution by a solvent.

Question 7

Define: Solvent

Answer 7

A substance with the ability to dissolve other substances (solutes) to form a solution.

Ex: H2O.

Question 8

What is a homogenous solution?

Answer 8

When the solute is distributed equally within the solvent.
Ex: Sugar and H2O mix.

Question 9

What are the 2 roles of water in chemical reactions?

Answer 9

1. Water is produced in dehydration synthesis.
2. Water is split in hydrolysis reaction.

Question 10

Describe a Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 10

One reactant gives up a Hydrogen and another gives up a hydroxyl (OH), in the synthesis of a new product.

Water released as byproduct.

Question 11

Describe a hydrolysis reaction.

Answer 11

molecule of water disrupts a compound, breaking its bonds.

Water splits into H and (OH) groups.

Question 12

Which type of fluid acts as a lubricant at certain joints in your body?

Answer 12

Synovial

Question 13

When sugar dissolves in tea, we refer to that as what?

Answer 13

Solute

Question 14

Two molecules can be linked, with water a resulting byproduct, in what type of reaction?

Answer 14

Dehydration synthesis

Question 15

What % of our body is water? How does it vary throughout lifetime?

Answer 15

Ans: 50-60%.

75% = infants
45% = old age

Women ~ 50%
Men ~ 60%

Question 16

Where is there more water?

Answer 16

Intracellular over extracellular

Question 17

Remember the picture’s % of H2O in different places.

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the percentage of water between intracellular vs extracellular?

Answer 18

55% vs 45%

Question 19

Where is intracellular fluid found?

Answer 19

Within cells (cytosol/cytoplasm)

Question 20

Where is extracellular fluid found?

Answer 20

1. Interstitial fluid (80%)
2. Plasma (16%)
3. Lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, etc.

Question 21

Define: Intracellular

Answer 21

Within the cell

Question 22

Define: Extracellular

Answer 22

Outside the cell

Question 23

Define: Interstitial Fluid

Answer 23

Fluid found within the spaces around the cell

Question 24

Define: Plasma

Answer 24

The fluid portion of your blood.

Question 25

Define: Lymph

Answer 25

Excess interstitial fluid that has drained out of bloodstream and is being returned to blood through lymphatic vessels.

Question 26

Define: Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 26

Fluid that that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates.

Question 27

Define: Pleural fluids

Answer 27

An abnormal collection of fluid between the thin layers of tissue (pleura) lining the lung and the wall of the chest cavity.

Question 28

Define: Pericardial fluids

Answer 28

Fluid that serves to cushion and allow some movement of the pericardium.

Question 29

Which of the following is the largest water compartment in your body?

Answer 29

Intracellular fluid.