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Biology > Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Subatomic Particles that make up atoms are

A

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

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1
Q

The Atom

A

the basic unit of matter

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2
Q

Protons have what type of charge?

A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Neutral (No Charge)

A

C: Neutral or No Charge

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3
Q

Protons have what type of charge?

A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Neutral (No Charge)

A

A: Positive

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4
Q

A chemical Element is a ___ _____ that consists entirely of ___ type(s) of atom.

A

Pure Substance; One

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5
Q

The Number of Protons in the Nucleus of an element are known as its ____ _____.

A

Atomic Number

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6
Q

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain are known as ____.

A

Isotopes

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7
Q

How are all of the Isotopes of an element similar?

A

Because they contain the same number of electrons, they all have the same chemical properties.

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8
Q

A chemical compound is…

A

a substance formed by the chemical combo of 2 or more elements in a definite proportion.

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9
Q

In what ways do compounds differ from their component elements?

A

The physical & chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from the elements which it is made up of.

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10
Q

Electrons that are able to form bonds are ___ ____.

A

Valence Electrons

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11
Q

What are the main types of chemical bonds?

A

Ionic Bonds and Covalent Bonds

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12
Q

How is an ionic bond formed?

A

When 1 or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

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13
Q

An Atom that loses electrons is ___ _____.

A

Positively Charged

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14
Q

An atom that gains electrons has a ____ _____.

A

Negative charge

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15
Q

Positively and negative charged atoms

A

Ions

16
Q

How is a covalent bond formed?

A

When electrons are shared by atoms

17
Q

A single covalent bond shares how many electrons?

A

2 electrons

18
Q

A double covalent bond shares how many eletrons?

A

4 electrons

19
Q

A triple bond shares how many electrons?

A

6 electrons

20
Q

What is a molecule?

A

The smallest unit of most Compounds;

When Atoms of the same element join together

21
Q

2.2: Water molecules are…

A. Positively Charged
B. Negatively Charged
C. Neutral

A

C. Neutral

22
Q

A molecule which is unevenly charged is

A

Polar because the molecule is a but like a magnet with 2 poles.

23
Q

The attraction between a hydrogen atom (positively charged) and another atom (negatively charged) is a ______ ____.

A

Hydrogen Bond

24
Q

Which is the weakest bond?

A. Covalent Bonds
B. Hydrogen Bonds
C. Ionic Bonds

A

B. Hydrogen Bonds

25
Q

Cohesion

A

The attraction between molecules of the same substance.

Ex. Water molecules

26
Q

Adhesion

A

The attraction between molecules of Different substances.

Ex. Water and Glass molecules

27
Q

A material composed of 2 or more elements/compounds

A

A mixture

28
Q

In a mixture, the elements/compounds are

A. Physically Mixed
B. Chemically Mixed
C. Both A and B

A

A Physically Mixed

29
Q

A components of a solution are

A. Unevenly Distributed
B. Evenly Distributed

A

B. Evenly Distributed

30
Q

In a saltwater solution, table salt is the

A. Solvent, the substance doing the dissolving
B. Solution, a type of mixture
C. Solute, the substance being dissolved

A

C. Solute, the substance being dissolved

31
Q

In a saltwater solution, the water is the

A. Solvent, the substance doing the dissolving
B. Solution, a type of mixture
C. Solute, the substance being dissolved

A

A. Solvent, the substance doing the dissolving

32
Q

How does water’s polarity influence its properties as a solvent?

A

Water’s polarity gives it the ability to dissolve both ionic compounds and other polar molecules.

33
Q

Mixtures that do not dissolve when placed in water, but instead they separate into tiny pieces.

A

Suspensions

Ex. Blood

34
Q

The __ ____ indicates the concentration of H+ ions in a solution which ranges from 0-14.

A

pH Scale

35
Q

A pH level of 7 is

A. Basic
B. Acidic
C. Neutral

A

C. Neutral

36
Q

A pH level of 4 is

A. Basic
B. Acidic
C. Neutral

A

B. Acidic

37
Q

A pH level of 11 is

A. Basic
B. Acidic
C. Neutral

A

A. Basic

Biology (2 decks)

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