CHAPTER 2- the chemistry of life

Question 1

what is the charge of a proton and it mass like

Answer 1

protons are positive, have mass

Question 2

what is the charge of a neutron and its mass like

Answer 2

neutral, has mass

Question 3

what is the charge of an electron and its mass like

Answer 3

negative, has very little mass

Question 4

where are protons stored

Answer 4

in the nucleus with neutrons

Question 5

where are neutrons stored

Answer 5

in the nucleus with protons

Question 6

where are electrons stored

Answer 6

the orbit around in the nucleus

Question 7

what are electrons in the outer ring called

Answer 7

valence electrons

Question 8

what is a chemical bond

Answer 8

the force holding two atoms together

Question 9

what is a covalent bond

Answer 9

two atoms attached through the sharing of valence electrons

Question 10

what 4 elements make up 96% of your body

Answer 10

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon (HONC)

Question 11

what do lewis dot structures explain

Answer 11

they explain how many covalent bonds different elements can make

Question 12

what is organic chemistry

Answer 12

the study of organic molecules( Carbon-carbon bonds)

Question 13

what element is life on earth based around

Answer 13

carbon, because it can infinitely attach to itself and allows four bonds

Question 14

what is the suffix for a molecule with just hydrogen and carbon and no double bonds

Answer 14

-ane

Question 15

what is the prefix for a molecule having one carbon

Answer 15

Meth-

Question 16

what is the prefic for a molecule having 2 carbons

Answer 16

Eth-

Question 17

what is the prefix for a molecule having 3 carbons

Answer 17

Prop-

Question 18

what is the prefix for a molecule having 4 carbons

Answer 18

But-

Question 19

what are functional groups and what do they do within a molecule

Answer 19

important groups of atoms in organic chemistry that if present within a molecule give the molecule certain properties change its name

Question 20

what is the shared property for all molecules in the hydroxyl group

Answer 20

they are all alcohols

Question 21

what is the shared property for all molecules in the carboxyl group

Answer 21

they are all organic acids (An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties.)

Question 22

what is the shared property for all molecules in the amino group

Answer 22

they are all amines (defined as an organic compound derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic groups.)

Question 23

what is the shared property for all molecules in the carbonyl group

Answer 23

they are all ketones (defined as Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C−. The simplest ketone is acetone, with the formula (CH₃)₂CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and in industry)

Question 24

what is always apart of the structure of a molecule in the hydroxyl group

Answer 24

a -OH

Question 25

what are macro molecules

Answer 25

complex carbon based molecules (building blocks of earth)

Question 26

what are the four macromolecules

Answer 26

carbohydrates, lipids, protiens, nucleic acid

Question 27

what macromolecule has a ratio of 1:2:1

Answer 27

carbohydrates

Question 28

what is a monosacahrride

Answer 28

single sugar

Question 29

what are the monoscacharides and what is their formula and structure

Answer 29

glucose, glactose, fructose C6:H12:O6 dif structures

Question 30

what are disaccharides

Answer 30

double sugars

Question 31

what are the disaccharides

Answer 31

sucrose (glucose+fructose) maltose (glucose+glucose) lactose C12 H22 O11

Question 32

what is dehydration syntheisis

Answer 32

the bonding of two molecules throug the loss of a water molecule

Question 33

what are the polysaccharides

Answer 33

glycogen (animal starch) amylose (plant starch) cellulose (plant cell walls) Chitin ( fungal cell walls)

Question 34

what are polysaccharides made of

Answer 34

repeating units of glucose bonded in dif ways

Question 35

what are protiens

Answer 35

large molecules made of 100 or more amino acids held together by peptide bonds

Question 36

what are the functional groups found in an amino acid

Answer 36

carbonyl and amino

Question 37

what does the r in a protien mean

Answer 37

its a place holder for the 20 options that could be there

Question 38

what is a dipeptide

Answer 38

when 2 amino acids are bonded together

Question 39

what is a polypeptide and what shape is it folded into

Answer 39

2+ amino acids together and its a convect shape

Question 40

monomer examples +what they make up

Answer 40

1. monosaccarides 2.amino acids 3. nucleotides they make up polymers

Question 41

what are polymers made of+examples

Answer 41

made of monomers 1. polysaccarides 2.protiens 3.nucleic acids

Question 42

what are fats made of

Answer 42

3 fatty acids (long carbon chains) connecected to a glycerol backbone

Question 43

what are saturated fats

Answer 43

solids with no double bonds

Question 44

what are unsaturated fats

Answer 44

liquids with double bonds that create kinks in the chain

Question 45

what are phospholipis

Answer 45

they make up a cell membrane and they have a phosphate head attacked to two fatty acid tauls

Question 46

to reverse abond what do you use

Answer 46

hydrolisis (adding a water molecule)

Question 47

what is an energy absorbing chemical reaction

Answer 47

endothermic

Question 48

energy releasing chemical reaction

Answer 48

exothermic

Question 49

what is a enzyme and what does it do

Answer 49

a protein that is a catyalst (can make a chem reaction without being changed) and it allows your bodies reactions to happen and lowers activation energy needed

Question 50

what is an active site

Answer 50

an area that allows an ezyme and reactent to fit like lock and key

Question 51

what is a substrate

Answer 51

name for reactants in enzyme-catalyst reactions and are brought together by enzymes at an active site