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9th grade honors bio > CHAPTER 2- the chemistry of life > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2- the chemistry of life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the charge of a proton and it mass like

A

protons are positive, have mass

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2
Q

what is the charge of a neutron and its mass like

A

neutral, has mass

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3
Q

what is the charge of an electron and its mass like

A

negative, has very little mass

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4
Q

where are protons stored

A

in the nucleus with neutrons

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5
Q

where are neutrons stored

A

in the nucleus with protons

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6
Q

where are electrons stored

A

the orbit around in the nucleus

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7
Q

what are electrons in the outer ring called

A

valence electrons

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8
Q

what is a chemical bond

A

the force holding two atoms together

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9
Q

what is a covalent bond

A

two atoms attached through the sharing of valence electrons

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10
Q

what 4 elements make up 96% of your body

A

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon (HONC)

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11
Q

what do lewis dot structures explain

A

they explain how many covalent bonds different elements can make

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12
Q

what is organic chemistry

A

the study of organic molecules( Carbon-carbon bonds)

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13
Q

what element is life on earth based around

A

carbon, because it can infinitely attach to itself and allows four bonds

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14
Q

what is the suffix for a molecule with just hydrogen and carbon and no double bonds

A

-ane

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15
Q

what is the prefix for a molecule having one carbon

A

Meth-

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16
Q

what is the prefic for a molecule having 2 carbons

A

Eth-

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17
Q

what is the prefix for a molecule having 3 carbons

A

Prop-

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18
Q

what is the prefix for a molecule having 4 carbons

A

But-

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19
Q

what are functional groups and what do they do within a molecule

A

important groups of atoms in organic chemistry that if present within a molecule give the molecule certain properties change its name

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20
Q

what is the shared property for all molecules in the hydroxyl group

A

they are all alcohols

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21
Q

what is the shared property for all molecules in the carboxyl group

A

they are all organic acids (An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties.)

22
Q

what is the shared property for all molecules in the amino group

A

they are all amines (defined as an organic compound derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic groups.)

23
Q

what is the shared property for all molecules in the carbonyl group

A

they are all ketones (defined as Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C−. The simplest ketone is acetone, with the formula (CH₃)₂CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and in industry)

24
Q

what is always apart of the structure of a molecule in the hydroxyl group

A

a -OH

25
Q

what are macro molecules

A

complex carbon based molecules (building blocks of earth)

26
Q

what are the four macromolecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, protiens, nucleic acid

27
Q

what macromolecule has a ratio of 1:2:1

A

carbohydrates

28
Q

what is a monosacahrride

A

single sugar

29
Q

what are the monoscacharides and what is their formula and structure

A

glucose, glactose, fructose C6:H12:O6 dif structures

30
Q

what are disaccharides

A

double sugars

31
Q

what are the disaccharides

A

sucrose (glucose+fructose) maltose (glucose+glucose) lactose

C12 H22 O11

32
Q

what is dehydration syntheisis

A

the bonding of two molecules throug the loss of a water molecule

33
Q

what are the polysaccharides

A

glycogen (animal starch) amylose (plant starch) cellulose (plant cell walls) Chitin ( fungal cell walls)

34
Q

what are polysaccharides made of

A

repeating units of glucose bonded in dif ways

35
Q

what are protiens

A

large molecules made of 100 or more amino acids held together by peptide bonds

36
Q

what are the functional groups found in an amino acid

A

carbonyl and amino

37
Q

what does the r in a protien mean

A

its a place holder for the 20 options that could be there

38
Q

what is a dipeptide

A

when 2 amino acids are bonded together

39
Q

what is a polypeptide and what shape is it folded into

A

2+ amino acids together and its a convect shape

40
Q

monomer examples +what they make up

A
  1. monosaccarides
    2.amino acids
  2. nucleotides

they make up polymers

41
Q

what are polymers made of+examples

A

made of monomers

  1. polysaccarides
    2.protiens
    3.nucleic acids
42
Q

what are fats made of

A

3 fatty acids (long carbon chains) connecected to a glycerol backbone

43
Q

what are saturated fats

A

solids with no double bonds

44
Q

what are unsaturated fats

A

liquids with double bonds that create kinks in the chain

45
Q

what are phospholipis

A

they make up a cell membrane and they have a phosphate head attacked to two fatty acid tauls

46
Q

to reverse abond what do you use

A

hydrolisis (adding a water molecule)

47
Q

what is an energy absorbing chemical reaction

A

endothermic

48
Q

energy releasing chemical reaction

A

exothermic

49
Q

what is a enzyme and what does it do

A

a protein that is a catyalst (can make a chem reaction without being changed) and it allows your bodies reactions to happen and lowers activation energy needed

50
Q

what is an active site

A

an area that allows an ezyme and reactent to fit like lock and key

51
Q

what is a substrate

A

name for reactants in enzyme-catalyst reactions and are brought together by enzymes at an active site

9th grade honors bio (3 decks)

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