Chapter 2: The Chemical Level Of Organization

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

-anything that takes up space and has mass.

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

-the amount of matter that an object contains. Mass is a physical property that determines the weight of an object in Earth’s gravitational field. On our planet, the weight of an object is essentially the same as its mass.
-occurs in three states…solid, liquid or gas.

Question 3

Elements

Answer 3

-all matter is composed of elements
-cannot be changed or broken down into simpler substances

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

-the smallest stable unit of matter

Question 5

Atoms contain three major types of subatomic particles…

Answer 5

-Protons
-Neutrons
-Electrons

Question 6

Protons

Answer 6

-positive electrical charge

Question 7

Neutrons

Answer 7

–neutral electrical charge

Question 8

Electrons

Answer 8

-Much smaller than protons
-Have a negative electrical charge

Question 9

All atoms contain protons and neutrons, normally in_________.

Answer 9

Equal numbers

Question 10

atomic number

Answer 10

the number of protons in an atom

Question 11

All atoms contain _______ & ______, normally in ______ numbers.

Answer 11

-protons
-nuetrons
-equal

Question 12

Electrons are much lighter than protons-only 1/1836 as massive-and have a ________ electrical charge.

Answer 12

-negative

Question 13

What combines to form larger structures, such as molecules or groups of molecules, with complex shapes.

Answer 13

-atoms

Question 14

A molecule’s specialized ______ determines its ______.

Answer 14

-shape (molecular structure)
-function

Question 15

An element contains all the …

Answer 15

-atoms that have the same number of protons (and thus the same atomic number).

Question 16

The 13 most abundant elements in the human body.

Answer 16

-Oxygen, O
-Carbon, C
-Hydrogen, H
-Nitrogen,
-Calcium, Ca
-Phosphorus, P
-Potassium, K
-Sodium, Na
-Chlorine, Cl
-Magnesium, Mg
-Sulfur, S
-Iron, Fe
-Iodine, I

Question 17

-Oxygen, O

Question 18

-Carbon, C

Question 19

-Hydrogen, H

Question 20

-Nitrogen,

Question 21

-Calcium, Ca

Question 22

-Phosphorus, P

Question 23

-Potassium, K

Question 24

-Sodium, Na

Question 25

-Chlorine, Cl

Question 26

-Magnesium, Mg

Question 27

-Sulfur, S

Question 28

-Iron, Fe

Question 29

-Iodine, I

Question 30

Why does the negatively charged electron stay in the electron cloud?

Answer 30

One reason is because it is attracted to the positively charged protons.

Question 31

Isotope

Answer 31

atoms of an element that differ int he number of neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 32

The presence or absence of neutrons generally has no effect on the ________ of an atom of a particular element.

Answer 32

-chemical properties

Question 33

Mass number

Answer 33

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 34

Isotopes can be distinguished from one another only by their ______.

Answer 34

-mass number which is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.