Chapter 2 - The Chemical Context of Life Flashcards
A compound is… give an example
a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio; it is an example of emergent properties. NaCl, Vinegar, Ammonia, etc…
Are required by an organism in only minute quantities…
Trace elements
Is the three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time
An orbital
What is
The more electronegative an atom is, the more strongly it pulls shared electrons toward itself
Non-polar covalent bonds vs. Polar covalent bonds?
Non-polar = equal sharing of electrons while Polar = unequal sharing of electrons
Unequal sharing of electrons causes a partial positive or negative charge for each atom or molecule
Covalent bonds vs. Non-covalent bonds?
Covalent bonds results from when atoms share 2 or more valence electrons. while Non-covalent bonds involves the weak sharing of an electron pair between a hydrogen atom and another atom.
Attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of these charges; Occur when transiently positive and negative regions of molecules attract each other (weak bond)
Van der Waals interactions
How does a hydrogen bond form?
Forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom (weak bond)
Is an attraction between anions and cations
An Ionic Bond
Cation vs. Anion?
cations have more protons than electrons and are positively charged while anions have more electrons than protons and are negatively charged.
Is defined as the capacity to cause change
Energy
The energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
Potential Energy
This is the energy of movement
Kinetic Energy
Carbon 14 is an example of ?
Isotope
Decay spontaneously giving off particles and energy
Radioactive isotopes
