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GENETICS AND INHERITANCE > CHAPTER 2- THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BASIS OF GENETICS > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2- THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BASIS OF GENETICS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The cell contains a Cytoplasm . In what region is genetic material in the form of Chromosomes found ?

A

Nucleus.

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2
Q

Where does the biosynthesis of lipids and proteins occur ?

A

The rough Endoplasmic reticulum.

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3
Q

What is the basic unit of DNA called ?

A

Nucleotide

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4
Q

Each Nucleotide is composed of 3 elements. Name them.

A
  1. A Ribose sugar
  2. Phosphate molecule
  3. A Nitrogenous base
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5
Q

What Nitrogenous bases make up the Purine group ?

A

Adenine

Guanine

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6
Q

Uracil is a pyrimidine found in RNA only. True or false ?

A

True

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7
Q

What pyrimidine is found only in DNA?

A

Thymine

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8
Q

Cytosine is a pyrimidine found in both DNA and RNA ?

A

True.

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9
Q

Watson and crick,1953 said DNA is composed of two nucleotide chains arranged in a double helix ?

A

True

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10
Q

What base does Guanine form hydrogen bonds with ?

A

Cytosine

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11
Q

How many chromosomes are in a human somatic cell ?

A

23 pairs. (22 autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes)

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12
Q

DNA is super coiled into Chromosomes. Explain the stages of coiling.

A
  1. Primary coiling of DNA double helix on itself forming a spiral ladder like morphology.
  2. The double helix is coiled around Histone beads forming Nucleosome.
  3. Tertiary coiling of the Nucleosomes to form chromatin fibers. The fibers are then arranged in long loops on a scaffold of nonhistone proteins and tightly wound to form morphologically visible chromosomes.
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13
Q

What set of sex chromosomes makes up maleness ?

A

XY

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14
Q

The Y chromosomes is said to be smaller than the X chromosome and only have a few important genes. Name one important gene here and it’s function.

A

SRY gene = testis determining factor

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15
Q

Give the 3 classifications of chromosomes according to placement of centromere.

A
  1. Metacentric = at the centre
  2. Acrocentric = at one end
  3. Subcentric = intermediate
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16
Q

What does the following translate or mean ? 15q12

A

Chromosome number 15 long arm region 12 (band 2)

GENETICS AND INHERITANCE (2 decks)

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