Chapter 2- The Cell Overview Flashcards
Define microscopy
A technique for producing visible images of objects, biological or at are to small to be seen by the human eye.
Define microscope
The instrument used in microscopy. Used to make small objects large enough to study.
What is the difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope?
A light microscope uses light to illuminate a specimen, whereas an electron microscope uses electrons to illuminate a specimen.
What is the magnification?
The ratio of the object compared to the objects actual size.
What is resolution?
The minimum distance by which two points in the specimen can be separated and still be seen as two points.
Plasma membrane
A bilayer made of lipids and embedded protein molecules. All cells are bounded by the plasma membrane.
Transport protein channels
Select water soluble substances can penetrate cell membranes through these. (Like a tunnel)
List the types of light microscopy.
Bright field microscopy Dark field microscopy Phase-contrast microscopy Nomarski (differential interface contrast) Confocal laser scanning microscopy
List the types of electron microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Define genes
The segment of DNA that codes for individual proteins
Define Cytoplasm
The semi liquid center of the cell that suspends the parts of the cell.
Define organelles
Small organized structures important for cell function.
Define Cytosol
An water solution in the cytoplasm containing ions and various organic molecules
Define cytoskeleton
Protein based framework of filamentous structures that helps maintain proper cell shape and aide in cell division
Define eukaryotes
Cells in which the DNA is stored in a membrane bound nucleus
Define nucleus
The central region of eukaryotic cells separated by membranes from the surrounding cytoplasm
Define prokaryotes
A cell which does not have a membrane bound nucleus. It stores its DNA in groups called nucleoid.
Where is the genetic material stored in a bacteria or archaea?
The genetic material is found in the nucleoid.
Define ribosomes
Roughly spherical particles in the cytoplasm, use the information on the mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins.
Define amino acid
A molecule that contains both an amino and a carboxyl group.
Cell wall
In almost all prokaryotic cells, a rigid external layer of material that protects the cell from physical damage.
What is the glycocalyx?
A layer of polysaccarides coating the cell wall. Helps protect the cell as well as it helps the cell stick to surfaces.
What is the difference between a glycocalyx slime layer and a glycocalyx capsule?
A slime layer is when the glycocalyx is diffuse and loosely associated with the cells. A capsule is when the glycocalyx is gelatinous ans and is more firmly attached to the cell.
Define Flagella
Long thread like protein fibre that helps bacteria and archaea move through liquids.
