Chapter 2- The Cell Overview

Question 1

Define microscopy

Answer 1

A technique for producing visible images of objects, biological or at are to small to be seen by the human eye.

Question 2

Define microscope

Answer 2

The instrument used in microscopy. Used to make small objects large enough to study.

Question 3

What is the difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope?

Answer 3

A light microscope uses light to illuminate a specimen, whereas an electron microscope uses electrons to illuminate a specimen.

Question 4

What is the magnification?

Answer 4

The ratio of the object compared to the objects actual size.

Question 5

What is resolution?

Answer 5

The minimum distance by which two points in the specimen can be separated and still be seen as two points.

Question 6

Plasma membrane

Answer 6

A bilayer made of lipids and embedded protein molecules. All cells are bounded by the plasma membrane.

Question 7

Transport protein channels

Answer 7

Select water soluble substances can penetrate cell membranes through these. (Like a tunnel)

Question 8

List the types of light microscopy.

Answer 8

Bright field microscopy 
Dark field microscopy
Phase-contrast microscopy
Nomarski (differential interface contrast)
Confocal laser scanning microscopy

Question 9

List the types of electron microscopy

Answer 9

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Question 10

Define genes

Answer 10

The segment of DNA that codes for individual proteins

Question 11

Define Cytoplasm

Answer 11

The semi liquid center of the cell that suspends the parts of the cell.

Question 12

Define organelles

Answer 12

Small organized structures important for cell function.

Question 13

Define Cytosol

Answer 13

An water solution in the cytoplasm containing ions and various organic molecules

Question 14

Define cytoskeleton

Answer 14

Protein based framework of filamentous structures that helps maintain proper cell shape and aide in cell division

Question 15

Define eukaryotes

Answer 15

Cells in which the DNA is stored in a membrane bound nucleus

Question 16

Define nucleus

Answer 16

The central region of eukaryotic cells separated by membranes from the surrounding cytoplasm

Question 17

Define prokaryotes

Answer 17

A cell which does not have a membrane bound nucleus. It stores its DNA in groups called nucleoid.

Question 18

Where is the genetic material stored in a bacteria or archaea?

Answer 18

The genetic material is found in the nucleoid.

Question 19

Define ribosomes

Answer 19

Roughly spherical particles in the cytoplasm, use the information on the mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins.

Question 20

Define amino acid

Answer 20

A molecule that contains both an amino and a carboxyl group.

Question 21

Cell wall

Answer 21

In almost all prokaryotic cells, a rigid external layer of material that protects the cell from physical damage.

Question 22

What is the glycocalyx?

Answer 22

A layer of polysaccarides coating the cell wall. Helps protect the cell as well as it helps the cell stick to surfaces.

Question 23

What is the difference between a glycocalyx slime layer and a glycocalyx capsule?

Answer 23

A slime layer is when the glycocalyx is diffuse and loosely associated with the cells. A capsule is when the glycocalyx is gelatinous ans and is more firmly attached to the cell.

Question 24

Define Flagella

Answer 24

Long thread like protein fibre that helps bacteria and archaea move through liquids.