Chapter 2 The Brain and NS

Question 1

Medulla

Answer 1

brainstem, breathing, heart rate, blood pressure

Question 2

Pons

Answer 2

hindbrain, brainstem, relay signals between cerebellum and cerebrum
involved in arousal, sleep, breathing, swallowing, bladder control, eye movement, facial expressions, hearing, equilibrium, posture

Question 3

Superior Colliculus

Answer 3

midbrain, brainstem, locating visual stimuli in space and using it to direct complex movements

Question 4

Inferior Colliculus

Answer 4

midbrain, brainstem, locate auditory stimili and directing movements

Question 5

Reticular Formation

Answer 5

midbrain, brainstem, network of cells in the midbrain, plays central row of regulating states of consciousness

Question 6

Sustantia Nigra

Answer 6

midbrain, brainstem, main source of dopamine in the midbrain, also part of the basal ganglia, plays key roles in movement, cognition, motivation, and reward

Question 7

Cerebellum

Answer 7

hindbrain, coordinate movements, calculate "forward model", also plays roles in language, memory, attention, emotional regulation
associative learning (classical conditioning)

Question 8

Hypothalamus

Answer 8

forebrain, diencephalon, maintains homeostasis, basic drives include hunger, thirst, sexual arousal, temperature regulation, sleep, sends output via thalamus to cerebral cortex
control hormone-secreting systems by sending signals to pituitary gland
many distinct nuclei

Question 9

Thalamus

Answer 9

forebrain, diencephalon, relay station, convey sensory, motor signals to the cerebral cortex, relay signals between distant areas of the cerebral cortex, plays important role in synchronizing neural activities

Question 10

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 10

forebrain, telencephalon, elaborate human cognition

layered

Question 11

Gyri (gyrus)

Answer 11

rounded convolutions of the cerebral cortex

Question 12

Sulci (sulcus)

Answer 12

grooves between gyri

Question 13

Basal Ganglia

Answer 13

forebrain, telencephalon, set of closely interconnected gray matter structures (nuclei) beneath the cerebral cortex, guides which thoughts and actions are started, maintained and stopped, involved with coordinating cortical activities: limbic movements, eye movements, planning, goal setting, motivation and reward

Question 14

Striatum

Answer 14

component of basal ganglia, caudate nucleus and putamen make up dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens makes up ventral striatum (reward and addiction)
works with substantia nigra, although not considered part of basal ganglia

Question 15

Limbic System

Answer 15

forebrain, telencephalon, set of structures central to motivation and emotion, contains hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus

Question 16

Amygdala

Answer 16

use external sensory inputs to drive internal body states via autonomic mechanisms and hormonal signals, sends output to cerebral cortex to drive behaviors, attaches emotional significance to external stimuli, best known for generating fear emotion

Question 17

Hippocampus

Answer 17

important site for memory and learning, plays important role in spatial navigation and episodic memory

Question 18

Fissure

Answer 18

deep sulcus