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Individual Differences > Chapter 2: The Basis of the Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Basis of the Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Freud’s theory of personality comprises:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A

Freud’s theory of personality comprises:

  1. Levels of consciousness.
  2. Then nature of beings and what motivates behaviour.
  3. Structure of personality.
  4. Development of personality.
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2
Q

According to Freud, are the 3 levels of consciousness?

1.
2.
3.

A

According to Freud, are the 3 levels of consciousness?

  1. Conscious.
  2. Preconscious.
  3. Unconscious.
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3
Q

According to Freud, material of which we are actively aware of at any given time is called:

A

conscious thought.

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4
Q

According to Freud, thoughts, memories, feelings, urges and fantasies that we are unaware of are called:

A

unconscious thought.

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5
Q

According to Freud, thoughts that are unconscious at this instant, but can be easily recalled into the conscious mind is called:

A

preconscious thought.

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6
Q

According to Freud, the process of keeping material unconscious is called:

A

repression.

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7
Q

According to Freud, what are disinhibitors?

Give and example.

A

Things that cause normally unconscious thoughts and behaviours to manifest into the conscious mind.

E.g. behavioural changes and increased aggression under the influence of alcohol.

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8
Q

According to Freud, what is the function of dreams?

A

To preserve sleep by representing unconscious wishes fulfilled in the form of dreams.

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9
Q

According to Freud, what are the 2 important elements of dreams?

1.
2.

A

According to Freud, what are the 2 important elements of dreams?

  1. Manifest content.
  2. Latent content.
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10
Q

According to Freud, what is manifest content?

A

A censored description of the dream as recalled by the dreamer. Symbols are remembered to represent deeper unconscious meanings.

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11
Q

According to Freud, what is latent content?

A

Deeper unconscious meanings in dreams, often of a sexual nature.

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12
Q

According to Freud, what are the two different styles of thinking?

1.
2.

A

According to Freud, what are the two different styles of thinking?

  1. Primary process thinking.
  2. Secondary process thinking.
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13
Q

According to Freud, what is primary process thinking?

A

Irrational mental activity.

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14
Q

According to Freud, what is primary process thinking governed by?

A

The pleasure principle.

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15
Q

According to Freud, what is the pleasure principle?

A

An urge to have our innate drives met to preserve equilibrium within an individual.

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16
Q

According to Freud, what is secondary process thinking?

A

Rational thought that is logical and organised.

17
Q

According to Freud, what is secondary process thinking governed by?

A

The reality principle.

18
Q

According to Freud, what is the reality principle?

A

Learned as we grow up, operating according to the actual situation in the external world and facts as we see them.

19
Q

What activities involve a mixture of primary and secondary thinking processes?

  2. 3.
A

What activities involve a mixture of primary and secondary thinking processes?

  1. Daydreaming.
  2. Creative thinking.
  3. Emotional thinking.
20
Q

According to Freud, children are born with a fixed amount of mental energy, called ______. This later becomes the basis of adult sexual drives.

A

According to Freud, children are born with a fixed amount of mental energy, called libido. This later becomes the basis of adult sexual drives.

21
Q

According to Freud, what are the 2 primary human drives in which all behaviour is energised?

1.
2.

A

According to Freud, what are the 2 primary human drives in which all behaviour is energised by the libido?

  1. Sexual drives.
  2. Life-preserving drives.
22
Q

In the 1920’s, after WWI, Freud added a third human drive called Thanatos. It refers to:

A

the death instinct.

23
Q

What is the death drive?

A

A self-destructive instinct to wipe out oneself.

24
Q

What is hysteria?

A

Physical ailments with no organic cause.

25
Q

According to Freud, what are the 3 basic structures of personality? List them in their order of development.

1.
2.
3.

A

According to Freud, what are the 3 basic structures of personality? List them in their order of development.

  1. id
  2. ego
  3. superego
26
Q

What is the id governed by?

A

Primary process thinking, the pleasure principle.

27
Q

What is delayed gratification?

A

By waiting patiently your needs will be eventually met.

28
Q

What is the ego governed by?

A

Secondary process thinking. the reality principle.

29
Q

What is the purpose of the ego?

A

To be the mediator between the child and the outside world.

30
Q

What is the superego?

A

The conscience of the child, acting in opposition to the id. It is the middle man between the id and ego, acting in the drivers seat to reach compromise.

31
Q

Interactions between the id, ego and superego is called:

A

intra-psychic conflict.

Individual Differences (25 decks)

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