Chapter 2 Test

Question 1

What powers did the Continental Congress have under the Articles of Confederation?

Answer 1

Power to direct war, conduct policy, territories and Indoan Affairs

Question 2

Why were the Articles of Confederation weak?

Answer 2

There was no executive or judicial branch, and the US had debts to pay to Europe but no way to pay them

Question 3

What event caused many to see that the Articles of Confederation were weak and would never last?

Answer 3

Shay’s Rebellion - land was being taken to pay farmer’s debts so the farmers rebelled, an army was hired to put it down

Question 4

What was the question at the Constitutional Convention in 1787?

Answer 4

Whether to strengthen or replace the Articles

Question 5

What events caused the fear of anarchy in the Convention and and led to no clear consensus?

Answer 5

Shay’s Rebellion

Question 6

How many delegates attended the Constitutional Convention and which state boycotted it?

Answer 6

55 delegates attended from every state except Rhode Island (small size will hurt it no matter the what)

Question 7

What describes the delegates of the Convention?

Answer 7

They were young, but experienced:

• 7 Governors
• 34 Lawyers
• 39 Confederation Representatives
• 1/3 were Revolutionary War veterans
• Hamilton - 30
• Madison - 36
• Franklin - 81

Question 8

Why was Washington chosen to preside unanimously?

Answer 8

He was symbolic of stability and honor which were important for a new government

Question 9

Who led the Virginia Delegation and presented Madison’s blueprint for Virginia?

Answer 9

Edmund Randolph presented the Virginia Plan

Question 10

What was the Virginia Plan?

Answer 10

It called for strong national union with 3 branches (J,E,L) A bicameral legislature with an upper (state legislature lower voted for upper) and lower house (popular sovereignty)

Question 11

Who presented the New Jersey Plan to strengthen the Articles?

Answer 11

William Patterson

Question 12

What was the New Jersey Plan?

Answer 12

It would benefit small state, enhance national power (appropriate leaders/cabinet appointed), unicameral legislature with one state one vote

Question 13

When was the first vote cast for the plans and what was the result?

Answer 13

On June 19, 1787:

• 7 for the Virginia Plan
• 3 for the New Jersey Plan
• 1 split
• NY did not vote (9 is the minimum amount of votes needed)

Question 14

What was the Hamilton/British Plan?

Answer 14

It would end state sovereignty (no rights), form one national government, bicameral legislature (lower house directly elected for 3 years and upper house elected by lower for life (Hamilton does not trust the people)), rejected for lack of democracy and resemblance to constitutional monarchy

Question 15

What was the Connecticut/Great Compromise?

Answer 15

Presented by Roger Sherman, it had a bicameral legislature with the House being elected by people based on population, a Senate elected by state legislature with 2 votes each, passed 5-4 (NY, NH, MA didn’t vote)

Question 16

How were slaves counted as part of a population?

Answer 16

1/3 of the South’s population were slaves, 3/5 compromise - 3/5 of the slave population would be counted, there would be no federal prohibition of slavery until 1805, escaped slaves would be returned to owners

Question 17

Who were the federalists?

Answer 17

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, George Washington, John Jay

Question 18

What did the Federalists want?

Answer 18

A strong central (federal national) government, favored ratification of the Constitution (must gets 9 votes quickly)

Question 19

Who supported the Federalists?

Answer 19

Wealthy urban people

Question 20

What were the Federalist Papers?

Answer 20

Exchanged among the Federalists and published as an argument to people to support Constitution, know they will be used to favor the Constitution

Question 21

What was a major issue of the post-Revolution on America?

Answer 21

Money - debts from war were massive

Question 22

What was the Federalist plan to deal with the debt?

Answer 22

Put all debts and tensions to the government to consolidate, form one national bank to control money and financial poilicy

Question 23

What type of army did the Federalists want?

Answer 23

A permanent standing army

Question 24

What was the Federalists view on Individual Rights?

Answer 24

No individual rights were guaranteed in the constitution, people know inalienable rights, better off being open and not limited.

Question 25

What was the loose construction that the Federalists advocated?

Answer 25

If the law does not say you cannot, you can

Question 26

Why did the Federalists view a large democracy vs a small one?

Answer 26

More competing interests will prevent anyone from becoming too powerful

Question 27

Who are the Anti-Federalists?

Answer 27

Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, James Monroe

Question 28

What did the Anti-Federalists want?

Answer 28

States’ Rights - federal government has no power or is limited, fear tyranny with a government too strong taking away rights, inherent distrust from England

Question 29

Who supported the Anti-Federalists?

Answer 29

Rural Farmers

Question 30

What did the Anti-Federalists believe would happen if there was a president?

Answer 30

He would be a monarch that would lead to tyranny after Washington

Question 31

What was the Anti-Federalist stance on debts?

Answer 31

States would pay their own debt

Question 32

What was the Anti-Federalist view on a standing army?

Answer 32

Britain had a standing army to shut down rebellion, threatens Liberty

Question 33

What was the strict Constitution that the Anti-Federalists had?

Answer 33

They wanted all rights to be written, if not the citizens don’t have those rights

Question 34

What was the Anti-Federalist fear of a large government?>

Answer 34

Government must be small and close to the people, large government would not know each state’s problems