chapter 2 test Flashcards
general anxiety disorder
worry about everything, insomnia, fatigue, aches, and pains
biological GAD
insufficient GABA and serotonin, cotext is hyperaroused, (valium and SSRI’s help)
psychodynamic GAD
psychotherapy: dream analysis and free association. over and under-protected kids are less likely to have effective coping mechanisms.
cognitive behavioral GAD
if anxiety is learned it can be unlearned, operant and classical conditioning, GAD is a maladaptive way of thinking, change the way of thinking. The most successful of all approaches
humanistic approach GAD
they have too high standards, unrealistic expectations of themselves, they need to have a good relationship with their therapist
sociocultural approach GAD
GAD develops in people who live stressful lives, self help groups
phobia
intense fear of an object or event
specific phobia
heights, spiders, blood
agoraphobia
fear of being in places where escaping might be difficult, (stuck in an elevator), terrified of having a panic attack with no escape
social anxiety disorder
fear of socializing or performing
treatments (phobias)
phobias are learned and can be unlearned
cognitive behavioral phobias
Classically conditioned to fear an object, then operationally conditioned to retain the phobia (get bit by a spider, you remember the pain so you avoid them now)
systematic desensitization (exposure therapy)
patient learns to relax in the presence of feared stimuli
flooding (exposure therapy)
flood the patient with the feared object (place 1000 snaked in the same room as them)
exposure and response prevention (exposure therapy)
expose the patient to a stimulus but don’t let them have a reaction. (force someone with cleaning OCD to touch garbage without washing their hands after)
aversion therapy
learn to associate something bad with undesirable behavior (put hot sauce on a babies thumb so they stop sucking it)
operant conditioning therapies
positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, & punishment to eliminate unwanted behaviors
modeling (phobia)
samples of appropriate behaviors are demonstrated then the patient attempts to imitate them
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder that is characterized by panic attacks
panic attack
10 minutes of intense fear or anxiety
biological treatment (panic attack)
abnormal levels of noreponephrine, SSRI’s and SNRIs reduce symptoms
behavioral (panic attacks)
exposure treatment
cognitive (panic attacks)
educated about human physiology
cognitive-behavioral OCD
maladaptive thoughts are the root, exposure and response prevention
biological (OCD)
SSRIs take 6-12 weeks to see results
stress disorder
traumatic event that triggers the stress response
Acute stress disorder (ASD)
symptoms begin within 1 month of traumatic event and last for less then 1 month
PTSD
occur immediatly after or resurface years later, lasts longer then 1 month
treatment (ASD & PTSD)
exposure (sometimes), flooding, antidespressants, support groups
conversion
no medical basis for the symptoms, very rare (blindness, tunnel vision, loss of hearing. Causes: psychodynamic suffer from trauma or stress that is not dealt with. Cognitive: behavior it rewarded. Treatments: hypnosis
factitious disorder (Munchausen syndrome)
faking illness, making themselves sick (swallowing objects, very dramatic pathological liars)
Munchausen syndrome
when parents hurt their kids or get them sick to look like the hero. causes: behavioral rewarding, getting attention. hard to treat
illness anxiety disorder
complain all the time, physical complaints, happy to be sick (increased heart rate = heart attack). causes: cognitive suffer from confirmation bias. CBT: always think they have a disease or dying
somatic symptom disorder
2-GI (stomach hurts), 1- sexual (lack of interest, 1-neurological (tingling in limbs). no biological reasoning, patient is upset and worrying about the present. Causes: anxiety, trauma runs in the family, could be rewarding
primary vs secondary gain
primary - psychological protection.
secondary - reward from care
predominant pain
in pain, physically recovered, psychologically brings pain back. treatment: exposure therpay
psychophysiological disorders
stress/trauma causes psychological and physical pain (migrains, increased BP)
general adaptation syndrome
1 - alarm phase, hypothalamus. 2- resistance, immune system. 3 - exhaustion
anhedonia
not enjoying things you used to
artifact theory
women go to the doctor for despression more then men do
diagnosis (depression)
at least 5 symptoms, have to be sad, lasts 2 weeks or more
major depressive disorder
one episode without mania
dysthymia
lasts years, less severe
