Chapter 2 - Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

Surrounds and protects the cell and regulates what passes into and out of the cell.

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

controls the operations of the cell

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

rod-like structures within the nucleus

Question 4

genes

Answer 4

regions in chromonsomes

Question 5

karyotype

Answer 5

photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape and number

Question 6

cytoplasm

Answer 6

cyt/o = cell /plasm = formation

Question 7

mitochondria

Answer 7

small sausage-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of the energy for the cell

Question 8

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

network of canals within the cell

Question 9

ribosomes

Answer 9

long chains of proteins attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

anabolism

Answer 10

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.

Question 11

catabolism

Answer 11

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released.

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

chemical found with each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

Question 13

histologist

Answer 13

scientist who specializes in the study of tissue

Question 14

epithelial tissue

Answer 14

located all over the body, forms the linings of internal organs and outer surface of the skin covering the body.