Chapter 2- Terms Pertaining to the body as a Whole Flashcards
Catabolism
the process of breaking down substances to release energy
Cell
the fundamental unit of all unit of all animals and plants
DNA
each gene is composed of a regulatory chemical; deoxyribonucleic acid, is the carrier of genetic information
disk(disc)
Pad of cartilage between vertebrae
Organs
Groups of different kinds of tissue combine
Lumbar
Right and left middle regions near the waist
hypochondriac
Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs
Inguinal
Right and left lower regions near the groin, also called the iliac regions
hypogastric
middle lower region below the umbilical region
epigastric
Middle upper region above the stomach
digestive system
system includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
anteroposterior
from the front to the back of the body; anter/o means front; poster/o means back
Cephalic
pertaining to the head
Coccygeal
pertaining to the tailbone
Anterior(Ventral)
front of the body
Posterior
back of the body
Deep
away from surface
Superficial
on the surface
proximal
near the the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
distal
far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from beginning of a structure
Inferior
Below another structure
Superior
Above another structure
medial
pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane
lateral
pertaining to the side
supine
lying on the back
prone
lying on the belly
Frontal(Coronal)Plane
Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
Sagittal(lateral)Plane; midsagittal
lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
Transverse(axial)plane
horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
anatomic position
the position of reference used to describe body directions and planes
Cervical(C)
neck region; C1-C7
Thoracic
Chest region; T1-T12; each bone is joined to a rib
Lumbar(L)
Loin(waist) or flank region; between the rib and hipbone; L1-L5
Sacrum(S)
five bones fused to form one bone, sacrum; S1-S5
Coccygeal
the coccyx (tailbone) 5 bones fused to form one bone
Spinal column
bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
Spinal cord
nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
RUQ
right upper quadrant
LUQ
left upper quadrant
RLQ
right lower quadrant
LLQ
Left lower quadrant
Umbilical region
central region near the navel
diaphragm
muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
mediastinum
centrally located space outside of and between the lungs
peritoneum
double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
pleura
double- folded membrane surrounding the lungs
thyroid gland
endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
larynx
“voice box” located at the upper part of the trachea
pharynx
throatr
adipose tissue
collection of fat cells
histologist
specialist in the study of tissue
cell membrane
the part of the cell that regulates what passes into and out of the cell
genes
regions of DNA within each chromosome
chromosomes
rodlike structures within the nucleus
mitochondria
sausage shaped bodies within the cytoplasm where catabolism takes place; the substance of a cell that contains the specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
the network of canals within the cytoplasm where proteins are manufactured for use in the cell
nucleus
directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell
