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Medical Terminology 1 > Chapter 2- Terms Pertaining to the body as a Whole > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Terms Pertaining to the body as a Whole Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Catabolism

A

the process of breaking down substances to release energy

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2
Q

Cell

A

the fundamental unit of all unit of all animals and plants

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3
Q

DNA

A

each gene is composed of a regulatory chemical; deoxyribonucleic acid, is the carrier of genetic information

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4
Q

disk(disc)

A

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

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5
Q

Organs

A

Groups of different kinds of tissue combine

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6
Q

Lumbar

A

Right and left middle regions near the waist

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7
Q

hypochondriac

A

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

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8
Q

Inguinal

A

Right and left lower regions near the groin, also called the iliac regions

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9
Q

hypogastric

A

middle lower region below the umbilical region

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10
Q

epigastric

A

Middle upper region above the stomach

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11
Q

digestive system

A

system includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

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12
Q

anteroposterior

A

from the front to the back of the body; anter/o means front; poster/o means back

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13
Q

Cephalic

A

pertaining to the head

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14
Q

Coccygeal

A

pertaining to the tailbone

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15
Q

Anterior(Ventral)

A

front of the body

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16
Q

Posterior

A

back of the body

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17
Q

Deep

A

away from surface

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18
Q

Superficial

A

on the surface

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19
Q

proximal

A

near the the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

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20
Q

distal

A

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from beginning of a structure

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21
Q

Inferior

A

Below another structure

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22
Q

Superior

A

Above another structure

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23
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane

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24
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side

25
Q

supine

A

lying on the back

26
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly

27
Q

Frontal(Coronal)Plane

A

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

28
Q

Sagittal(lateral)Plane; midsagittal

A

lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

29
Q

Transverse(axial)plane

A

horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

30
Q

anatomic position

A

the position of reference used to describe body directions and planes

31
Q

Cervical(C)

A

neck region; C1-C7

32
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest region; T1-T12; each bone is joined to a rib

33
Q

Lumbar(L)

A

Loin(waist) or flank region; between the rib and hipbone; L1-L5

34
Q

Sacrum(S)

A

five bones fused to form one bone, sacrum; S1-S5

35
Q

Coccygeal

A

the coccyx (tailbone) 5 bones fused to form one bone

36
Q

Spinal column

A

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

37
Q

Spinal cord

A

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

38
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

39
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

40
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

41
Q

LLQ

A

Left lower quadrant

42
Q

Umbilical region

A

central region near the navel

43
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

44
Q

mediastinum

A

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

45
Q

peritoneum

A

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

46
Q

pleura

A

double- folded membrane surrounding the lungs

47
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

48
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

49
Q

larynx

A

“voice box” located at the upper part of the trachea

50
Q

pharynx

A

throatr

51
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

52
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of tissue

53
Q

cell membrane

A

the part of the cell that regulates what passes into and out of the cell

54
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosome

55
Q

chromosomes

A

rodlike structures within the nucleus

56
Q

mitochondria

A

sausage shaped bodies within the cytoplasm where catabolism takes place; the substance of a cell that contains the specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell

57
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

the network of canals within the cytoplasm where proteins are manufactured for use in the cell

58
Q

nucleus

A

directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell

Medical Terminology 1 (9 decks)

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