Chapter 2: Terminology in Dental Implantology

Question 1

Osseointegration

Answer 1

• contact between a living bone and a loaded dental implant without interposed soft tissues and intervening fibrous connective tissue
• process whereby clinically asymptomatic rigid fixation of alloplastic materials is obtained and maintained in bone during functional loading of a dental implant

Question 2

Clinical Manifestation of Osseointegration:

Answer 2

Absence of mobility

Question 3

Clinical term that refers to the absence of visible movement of a dental implant when a 1g to 500g force is applied

Answer 3

Rigid fixation

Question 4

Discovered osseointegration and is known as the father of modern dental implantology

Answer 4

Dr. Per-Ingvar Brånemark

Question 5

Most commonly used tertiary titanium alloy:

Answer 5

Grade V titanium alloy
(90% Ti - 6% Al - 4% V / Ti-6Al-4V)

Question 6

Binary titanium alloy that is gaining popularity because of high corrosion resistance and mechanical properties that exceed other Ti alloys

Answer 6

Titanium-zirconium alloy
(83% to 87% Ti and 13% to 17% Zr)

Question 7

Modern endosteal dental implant vary according to the following:

Answer 7

1. Macrostructure
   - refers to the overall shape
   - maximizes primary stability of DI
2. Microstructure
   - pertains to surface structure
   - facilitates the process of osseointegration

Question 8

Biologic width

Answer 8

Combined apicocoronal height of the connective tissue and the epithelial attachment which exists around teeth and dental implants upon exposure to the oral cavity

Question 9

Refers to implant restorative components that are stock parts fabricated by the manufacturer

Answer 9

Standardized components

Question 10

Pertains to implant restorative components that were designed and produced for a specific site in the same manner that restorations are tailored for a particular patient

Answer 10

Custom components

Question 11

Occlusal loading or Functional loading

Answer 11

Implies that the restoration is in contact with the opposing teeth in centric occlusion and excursions

Question 12

Non-occlusal loading or Non-functional loading

Answer 12

Denotes that the restoration is not in contact with the opposing teeth in centric relation and excursions

Question 13

Inadequate bone volume may be brought about by atrophy subsequent to the following circumstances:

Answer 13

• tooth extraction
• trauma
• surgical resection
• congenital deficiencies

Question 14

Ideal characteristics of bone graft materials:

Answer 14

1. Biocompatible
2. Bioresorbable
3. Bioactive to foster cell regeneration and differentiation
4. Cost-efficient
5. Easy to use
6. Structurally similar to bone
7. Non-toxic and non-immunogenic
8. Low incidence of infection
9. Maintains space & volume over time
10. Ability to be replaced entirely with new bone growth
11. Rate of bone resorption coincides with rate of bone formation

Question 15

Extra-oral sources of autografts:

Answer 15

• hip
• rib
• tibia
• fibula
• calvarium

Question 16

Intra-oral sources of autografts:

Answer 16

• chin
• tuberosity
• torus
• exostosis
• ramus

Question 17

Autogenous bone grafts or Autografts:

Answer 17

• obtained from the same patient
• considered as the ideal bone grafting material
  e.g. osseous coagulum and bone blend

Question 18

Indication of autografts:

Answer 18

For all inadequate areas

Question 19

Allografts:

Answer 19

• bone substitute material from the same species
• includes freeze-dries bone allografts (FDBA) and demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA)
  e.g. Puros by Zimmer Dental (USA)

Question 20

Indications for Allografts and Xenografts:

Answer 20

• guided bone regeneration (GBR)
• tooth socket/s
• sinus graft/s

Question 21

Xenografts:

Answer 21

• bone substitute materials derived from non-human species such as: bovine, equine, and porcine
• highly processed to completely eradicate organic contents
  e.g. Bio-Oss by Geistlich Biomaterials (Switzerland)

Question 22

Alloplasts:

Answer 22

• bone substitute material that may be synthetic or from natural materials
• includes hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate
  e.g. Osteon by Dentium (Korea)

Question 23

Indications for Alloplasts:

Answer 23

• significant bone defects
• sinus graft/s

Question 24

Types of dental implant stability:

Answer 24

1. Primary/Initial/Mechanical stability
2. Secondary/Biological stability