Chapter 2 - Surgical Syndromes

Question 1

Afferent loop syndrome

Answer 1

Obstruction of the afferent loop of a Billroth II gastrojejunostomy

Question 2

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Answer 2

Poor oxygenation caused by alveolar and capillary inflammation

Question 3

Blind loop syndrome

Answer 3

Bacterial overgrowth of intestine caused by stasis

Question 4

Boerhaave’s syndrome

Answer 4

Esophageal perforation

Question 5

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Answer 5

Thrombosis of hepatic veins

Question 6

Carcinoid syndrome

Answer 6

Broncospasm, flushing, diarrhea, right-sided heart failure

Think “B FDR”

Right-sided HF caused by factors released by the carcinoid tumor

Question 7

Compartment syndrome

Answer 7

Compartmental HTN caused by edema, resulting in muscle necrosis of the LE (fascial compartments do not stretch)

Often seen in the calf; patient may have a distal pulse

Question 8

Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 8

Excessive cortisol production

Question 9

Dumping syndrome

Answer 9

Delivery of a large amount of hyperosmolar chyme into the small bowel, usually after vagotomy and a gastric drainage procedure (pyloroplasty/gastrojejunostomy)

Results in autonomic instability, abdominal pain, and diarrhea

Question 10

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Answer 10

Periheptic gonorrhea infection (violin-string adhesions)

Question 11

Gardner’s syndrome

Answer 11

GI polyps, sebaceous cysts, osteomas, desmoid tumors

Polyps have a high malignancy potential

Think a Gardener plants SOD

Question 12

HITT syndrome

Answer 12

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia thrombosis syndrome

Heparin-induced platelet antibodies cause platelets to thrombose vessels, often resulting in loss of limb or life

Question 13

Leriche’s syndrome

Answer 13

Claudication of buttocks and thighs, impotence, atrophy of legs

Seen with iliac occlusive disease

Question 14

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Answer 14

Postemesis/retching tears in the gastric mucosa (near GE junction)

Question 15

Mendelson’s syndrome

Answer 15

Chemical pneumonia is after aspiration of gastric contents

Question 16

Mirizzi’s syndrome

Answer 16

Extrinsic obstruction of common hepatic bile duct from a gallstone in the gallbladder or cystic duct

Question 17

Munchausen’s syndrome

Answer 17

Self-induced illness; patient desires the attention comfort of the “sick” role

Question 18

Ogilvie’s syndrome

Answer 18

Massive nonobstructive colonic dilatation

Question 19

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Answer 19

Benign GI polyps and buccal pigmentation

Question 20

RED reaction syndrome (Red man syndrome)

Answer 20

Syndrome of rapid vancomycin infusion, resulting in skin erythema

Question 21

Refeeding syndrome

Answer 21

Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia after refeeding a starved patient

Question 22

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome

Answer 22

Syndrome of GI tract telangiectasia/A-V malformations

Question 23

Short-gut syndrome

Answer 23

Malnutrition resulting from <200 cm of viable small bowel

Question 24

SIADH

Answer 24

Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone

Question 25

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome

Answer 25

Obstruction of the SVC by tumor, thrombosis, etc.

Question 26

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 26

Compression of structures exiting from the thoracic outlet

Question 27

Toxic shock syndrome

Answer 27

Staph aureus toxin-induced syndrome marked by fever, hypotension, organ failure, and rash (desquamation, especially palms and soles)

Question 28

Trousseau’s syndrome

Answer 28

Syndrome of DVT associated with carcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis)

Question 29

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Answer 29

Gastrinoma and PUD