Chapter 2 - Surgical Syndromes Flashcards
Afferent loop syndrome
Obstruction of the afferent loop of a Billroth II gastrojejunostomy
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Poor oxygenation caused by alveolar and capillary inflammation
Blind loop syndrome
Bacterial overgrowth of intestine caused by stasis
Boerhaave’s syndrome
Esophageal perforation
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Thrombosis of hepatic veins
Carcinoid syndrome
Broncospasm, flushing, diarrhea, right-sided heart failure
Think “B FDR”
Right-sided HF caused by factors released by the carcinoid tumor
Compartment syndrome
Compartmental HTN caused by edema, resulting in muscle necrosis of the LE (fascial compartments do not stretch)
Often seen in the calf; patient may have a distal pulse
Cushing’s syndrome
Excessive cortisol production
Dumping syndrome
Delivery of a large amount of hyperosmolar chyme into the small bowel, usually after vagotomy and a gastric drainage procedure (pyloroplasty/gastrojejunostomy)
Results in autonomic instability, abdominal pain, and diarrhea
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
Periheptic gonorrhea infection (violin-string adhesions)
Gardner’s syndrome
GI polyps, sebaceous cysts, osteomas, desmoid tumors
Polyps have a high malignancy potential
Think a Gardener plants SOD
HITT syndrome
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia thrombosis syndrome
Heparin-induced platelet antibodies cause platelets to thrombose vessels, often resulting in loss of limb or life
Leriche’s syndrome
Claudication of buttocks and thighs, impotence, atrophy of legs
Seen with iliac occlusive disease
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Postemesis/retching tears in the gastric mucosa (near GE junction)
Mendelson’s syndrome
Chemical pneumonia is after aspiration of gastric contents
Mirizzi’s syndrome
Extrinsic obstruction of common hepatic bile duct from a gallstone in the gallbladder or cystic duct
Munchausen’s syndrome
Self-induced illness; patient desires the attention comfort of the “sick” role
Ogilvie’s syndrome
Massive nonobstructive colonic dilatation
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Benign GI polyps and buccal pigmentation
RED reaction syndrome (Red man syndrome)
Syndrome of rapid vancomycin infusion, resulting in skin erythema
Refeeding syndrome
Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia after refeeding a starved patient
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
Syndrome of GI tract telangiectasia/A-V malformations
Short-gut syndrome
Malnutrition resulting from <200 cm of viable small bowel
SIADH
Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone
Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome
Obstruction of the SVC by tumor, thrombosis, etc.
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Compression of structures exiting from the thoracic outlet
Toxic shock syndrome
Staph aureus toxin-induced syndrome marked by fever, hypotension, organ failure, and rash (desquamation, especially palms and soles)
Trousseau’s syndrome
Syndrome of DVT associated with carcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis)
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Gastrinoma and PUD
