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Marriage and Family > Chapter 2 - Studying Marriage and the Family > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Studying Marriage and the Family Flashcards

1
Q
  1. As of 2002, _____ percent of U.S. households had television sets.

A. 100
B. 99
C. 98
D. 90

A

C

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2
Q
  1. The portrayal of family life that results from soap opera families and daytime talk shows is

A. realistic and highly negative.
B. realistic and highly positive.
C. unrealistic and highly negative.
D. unrealistic and highly positive.

A

C

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3
Q
  1. The rules of critical thinking call for

A. personal experience.
B. objectivity.
C. values.
D. opinions.

A

B

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4
Q
  1. A statement such as “Everyone should get married” is an example of

A. a value judgment.
B. an objective statement.
C. an ethnocentric fallacy.
D. a stereotype.

A

A

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5
Q
  1. Mistaken beliefs that everyone has the same experiences and values as oneself and therefore should think the same way one does are called

A. ethnocentric fallacies.
B. egocentric fallacies.
C. egotistical fallacies.
D. ethnologic fallacies.

A

B

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6
Q
  1. All of the following are common stereotypes related to marriage and family EXCEPT

A. Nuclear families are best.
B. Stepfamilies are unhappy.
C. Latino families are poor.
D. Children from two-parent homes are always well adjusted.

A

D

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7
Q
  1. Jeff is surprised anytime someone disagrees with his opinion on an important topic because on some level he expects everyone to have the same values he has. Jeff’s belief illustrates

A. ethnomania.
B. egocentric fallacy.
C. ethnocentric fallacy.
D. egomania.

A

B

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8
Q
  1. The concept “marital happiness” is transformed from a concept to something measurable such as “a score of 80 or above on the Spousal Satisfaction Scale” in a process called _____.

A. deductive research
B. inductive research
C. conceptualization
D. operationalization

A

D

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9
Q
  1. Kate has not seen or heard from her mother since Hurricane Katrina hit the Louisiana town where her mother lived. She does not know for sure if her mother is dead or alive. Kate feels her mother’s psychological presence even though she is not physically with her. Pauline Boss uses the term _____ to describe what Kate is feeling.

A. mental illness
B. delusional affect
C. ambiguous loss
D. trauma-induced psychosis

A

C

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10
Q
  1. The core concepts in ecological theory include

A. environment and adaptation.
B. environment and socialization.
C. mesosystem and exosystem.
D. microsystem and macrosystem.

A

A

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11
Q
  1. In Bronfenbrenner’s ecologically based theory the _____ contains the most immediate influences with whom individuals have frequent contact.

A. microsystem
B. mesosystem
C. exosystem
D. macrosystem

A

A

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12
Q
  1. Symbolic interaction theory

A. examines how people interact with each other.
B. looks at how each individual functions within the family unit.
C. examines resources and power.
D. focuses on the exchange between people who love each other.

A

A

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13
Q
  1. Examining how the sense of self is maintained in the process of acquiring social roles is fundamental to

A. social exchange theory.
B. family development theory.
C. symbolic interaction theory.
D. structural functionalism.

A

C

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following is a criticism of symbolic interaction theory?

A. It places too much emphasis on the role of power in relationships.
B. It does not fully account for the psychological aspects of human life.
C. It places too much importance on duty, responsibility, and other family values.
D. It overemphasizes the effects of outside forces such as economic discrimination.

A

B

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15
Q
  1. According to _____ theory, when the emotional costs of a relationship outweigh its benefits, we are likely to feel uncomfortable, angry, or distressed.

A. social exchange
B. structural functionalism
C. symbolic interaction
D. family systems

A

A

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16
Q
  1. Equity is a key component of _____ theory.

A. symbolic interaction
B. structural functionalism
C. social exchange
D. family systems

A

C

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17
Q
  1. Maria believes the costs of her marriage exceed her rewards. According to exchange theory, Maria is likely to

A. stay married as long as her husband’s costs are greater than his rewards too.
B. stay married as long as she perceives her rewards are greater than her husband’s rewards.
C. get a divorce.
D. get a divorce if she perceives greater rewards in some alternative and the costs of leaving are not too great.

A

D

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18
Q
  1. Exchange theory predicts that we will stay in an unhappy marriage when

A. the costs of leaving are equal to the costs of staying.
B. the costs of leaving are greater than the rewards of leaving and/or the costs of staying.
C. the costs of leaving are equal to the rewards of leaving.
D. none of the above, exchange theory predicts we will always leave an unhappy marriage.

A

B

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19
Q
  1. Social exchange theory has been criticized for

A. assuming that we are all rational, calculating individuals.
B. assuming that we are all irrational individuals.
C. not recognizing that exchanges can be cooperative
D. not recognizing that exchanges can be competitive.

A

A

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20
Q
  1. All of the following statements are true regarding social exchange theory EXCEPT

A. We consciously measure most of our actions and relationships.
B. We use a cost-benefit analysis in our relationships.
C. Exchanges between people have to balance out or the relationship is likely to end.
D. Cooperation is necessary for stability.

A

A

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21
Q
  1. The most recent idea used to examine the dynamic nature of the family by family development theorists is the

A. individual development of each family member.
B. family life cycle.
C. family career.
D. family life course.

A

D

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22
Q
  1. Family development theory has been criticized for

A. assuming the sequential processes of intact, nuclear families.
B. placing too much emphasis on diversity.
C. being too complex.
D. ignoring the contribution of children to family processes.

A

A

23
Q
  1. Examining what needs the family meets for its individual members is an aspect of

A. conflict theory.
B. structural functionalism.
C. social exchange theory.
D. the feminist perspective.

A

B

24
Q
  1. Traits that encourage competitiveness, coolness, self-confidence and rationality are

A. structural.
B. dysfunctional.
C. expressive.
D. instrumental.

A

D

25
Q
  1. Conflict theory assumes

A. that differences lead to conflict
B. only certain people in the family have power.
C. conflict is abnormal.
D. money is the only source of power in the family.

A

A

26
Q
  1. Dr. Walker believes that life involves discord. Dr. Walker is a _____ theorist.

A. social exchange
B. structural functionalism
C. conflict
D. family systems

A

C

27
Q
  1. Conflict theory has been criticized for

A. assuming behavior is characterized by self-sacrifice.
B. assuming behavior is characterized by cooperation.
C. putting too much emphasis on the power of love.
D. assuming that differences lead to conflict.

A

D

28
Q
  1. Four important sources of power in relationships are

A. love, money, education, age.
B. love, money, legitimacy, physical coercion.
C. physical strength, money, beauty, gender.
D. physical coercion, education, age, status.

A

B

29
Q
  1. Family systems theory is a combination of

A. structural functionalism and symbolic interaction theory.
B. structural functionalism and social exchange theory.
C. social exchange theory and symbolic interaction theory.
D. family development theory and structural functionalism.

A

A

30
Q
  1. Family systems theorists

A. focus on the patterns of interaction between various family members.
B. compare the family to the solar system.
C. see subsystems with blurred boundaries as functional.
D. focus on how a couple reacts to cultural influences.

A

A

31
Q
  1. All of the following are beliefs of family systems theorists except

A. Interactions must be studied in the context of the family system.
B. The family has a structure that can be seen only in its interactions.
C. The family is a purposeful system; it has a goal.
D. Each family system stays the same over time.

A

D

32
Q
  1. According to _____, the family experience is shaped by gender.

A. the masculine perspective
B. the feminist perspective
C. family systems theory
D. family development theory

A

B

33
Q
  1. The feminist agenda is to

A. get equal pay for equal work.
B. minimize the contributions of men in family systems.
C. raise society’s level of awareness regarding the oppression of women and all other disadvantaged groups
D. raise society’s level of awareness regarding the oppression of women only

A

C

34
Q
  1. The feminist perspective maintains that traditional gender roles are not

A. a social construction.
B. created oppressive conditions and barriers to opportunity.
C. the result of biological conditions.
D. created to maintain the power of men over women

A

C

35
Q
  1. The feminist perspective has been criticized because it

A. is not a unified theory.
B. ignores other disadvantaged groups.
C. does not focus enough on power.
D. does not focus enough on economics.

A

A

36
Q
  1. What method of research deals with large amounts of information?

A. qualitative
B. comparative
C. quantitative
D. meta-study

A

C

37
Q
  1. Dr. Gunter uses case studies in her research on strengths of single-parent families. She is conducting

A. quantitative research.
B. qualitative research.
C. an experiment.
D. a meta analysis.

A

B

38
Q
  1. Case studies and in-depth interviews are examples of

A. qualitative research.
B. quantitative research.
C. secondary data analysis.
D. triangulation.

A

A

39
Q
  1. All of the following are true about surveys EXCEPT

A. they are the most popular data gathering tool in marriage and family studies.
B. they may be conducted in person, over the phone, or through written questionnaires.
C. they cannot offer complete anonymity.
D. they gather information from a small representative group of people and infer conclusions valid for a larger population.

A

C

40
Q
  1. Dr. Williams uses data collected by the U.S. Census Bureau in her research on families. This research method is called

A. survey method.
B. borrowed data technique.
C. recycled data utilization.
D. secondary data analysis.

A

D

41
Q
  1. The research method that is used in most marriage and family studies is

A. the interview method.
B. the survey method.
C. the clinical experiment method.
D. the covert observation method.

A

B

42
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a major problem in using the survey method in family research?

A. Research participants may under-report undesirable behavior.
B. The sample may not be representative.
C. Research participants may not understand their own behavior.
D. Questionnaires are one of the most expensive and difficult research methods.

A

D

43
Q
  1. Interviews can be advantageous compared to surveys because they

A. enable cause and effect relationships to be determined.
B. minimize the effects of bias in interpretation of responses.
C. permit probes of greater depth and can follow paths suggested by the interviewee.
D. elicit more honest responses.

A

C

44
Q
  1. Clinical research examines

A. people randomly selected from a large population.
B. large groups.
C. only patients who are hospitalized.
D. people who come to a psychiatrist, psychologist or social worker.

A

D

45
Q
  1. Clinical studies have been very beneficial in

A. providing a model of the normal family.
B. developing insights into family processes.
C. making inferences to the population in general.
D. proving the cause of family dysfunctions.

A

B

46
Q
  1. Combining observational data with data obtained through other methods such as surveys or secondary analysis is a process referred to as

A. data expansion.
B. triangulation.
C. operationalization.
D. conceptualization.

A

B

47
Q
  1. Based on what is known about the media’s portrayal of the family life, the best advice if looking for accuracy is to

A. watch soap operas.
B. watch daytime talk shows
C. watch reality television
D. turn off the television

A

D

48
Q
  1. In the hypothesis, “marital status is influenced by race,” marital status is the

A. independent variable.
B. dependent variable.
C. intervening variable.
D. dummy variable.

A

B

49
Q
  1. A scientist wants to conduct research to determine which variable causes another variable. Which method should the scientist use?

A. clinical
B. correlational
C. survey
D. experimental

A

D

50
Q
  1. Dr. Byron is conducting research in order to find out if a new parenting program being used at an agency is effective. This best illustrates

A. basic research
B. deductive research
C. applied research
D. grounded theory

A

C

51
Q

Grounded theory develops using induction.

A

T

52
Q

Popular culture is a key source of accurate information on families.

A

F

53
Q

Stereotypes are fairly resistant to change.

A

T

54
Q
  1. Biases are strong opinions that may create barriers to hearing anything that is contrary to our opinion.
    True False
A

T

Marriage and Family (4 decks)

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