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Human Sexuality > Chapter 2: Studying Human Sexuality > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Studying Human Sexuality Flashcards

1
Q

transmits information and norms, rather than images about sexuality to a mass audience to both inform and entertain in a simplified manner

A

sex information/advice genre

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2
Q

the observation of things as they exist in reality as opposed to our feelings or beliefs about them

A

objectivity

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3
Q

evaluations based on moral or ethical standards rather than objective ones

A

value judgments

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4
Q

an unsubstantiated belief or conclusion about what seems to be true according to our thoughts

A

opinion

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5
Q

a personal learning or inclination that reflects a prejudice in favor of or against a person, group, or think in contrast to another

A

bias

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6
Q

a set of simplistic, rigidly held, overgeneralized beliefs about a particular type of individual or group of people, an idea, and so on

A

stereotype

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7
Q

a way in which we organize knowledge in our thought processes

A

schema

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8
Q

an error in reasoning that affects our understanding of a subject

A

fallacy

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9
Q

the mistaken belief that our own personal experience and values generally are held by others

A

egocentric fallacy

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10
Q

also known as ethnocentrism, is the belief that our own ethnic group, nation, or culture is innately superior to others

A

ethnocentric fallacy

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11
Q

reinforced by opinions, biases, and stereotypes about other groups and cultures

A

ethnocentrism

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12
Q

the method by which a hypothesis is formed from impartially gathered data and tested empirically

A

scientific method

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13
Q

drawing a general conclusion from specific facts

A

induction

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14
Q

sex researches that use the same methodology as other social scientists, they are constrained by ethical concerns and taboos that those in many other fields do not experience

A

sexologists

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15
Q

people are free to decide, without coercion, whether to participate in a research study

A

informed consent

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16
Q

a sample collected in a unbiased way, with the selection of each member of the sample based solely on chance

A

random sample

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17
Q

a sample with a small group representing the larger group in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and so on

A

representative sample

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18
Q

samples that are not representative of the larger group

A

biased samples

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19
Q

when someone has publicly identified themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual

A

come out

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20
Q

the in-depth examination of an individual or group that goes to a psychiatrist, psychologist, or social worker for assistance with psychological or medical problems or disorders

A

clinical research

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21
Q

unhealthy or diseased behavior

A

pathological behavior

22
Q

a method that uses questionnaires or interviews to gather information

A

survey research

23
Q

personal notes of one’s sexual activity

A

sexual diary

24
Q

a method by which a researcher unobtrusively observes and makes systematic notes about people’s behavior without trying to manipulate it

A

observational research

25
Q

the researcher participates in the behaviors he or she is studying

A

participant observation

26
Q

the systematic manipulation of individuals or the environment to learn the effects of such manipulation on behavior

A

experimental research

27
Q

aspects or factors that can be manipulated in experiments

A

variables

28
Q

factors that can be manipulated or changed by the experimenter

A

independent variables

29
Q

factors that are likely to be affected by changes in the independent variable

A

dependent variable

30
Q

studies that measure two or more naturally occurring variables to determine their relationship to each other

A

correlational studies

31
Q

devices attached to the genitals to measure physiological response

A

plethysmographs

32
Q

a device resembling a rubber band that fits around the penis

A

strain guage

33
Q

psychological disorders characterized by anxiety or tension

A

neuroses

34
Q

a psychological mechanism that kept people from becoming aware of hidden memories and motives because they aroused guilt

A

repression

35
Q

a psychological system that ascribes behavior to unconscious desires

A

psychoanalysis

36
Q

the first stage, lasting from birth to age 1, of Freud’s five stages in psychosexual development. The infant’s eroticism is focused on the mouth; thumb sucking produces an erotic pleasure

A

oral stage

37
Q

the second stage, between ages 1 and 3, of Freud’s five stages in psychosexual development. Children’s sexual activities continue to be autoerotic, but the region of pleasure shifts to the anus

A

anal stage

38
Q

the third stage, from ages 3 through 5, of Freud’s five stages in psychosexual development. Children exhibit interest in the genitals

A

phallic stage

39
Q

the fourth stage, at age 6, of Freud’s five stages in psychosexual development. Children’s sexual impulses are no longer active

A

latency stage

40
Q

the last stage, at puberty, of Freud’s five stages in psychosexual development. Children become interested in genital sexual activities, especially sexual intercourse

A

genital stage

41
Q

when the boy develops sexual desires for his mother, he simultaneously desires his mother and fears his father

A

Oedipal complex

42
Q

the boy’s belief that his penis will be cut off by his father because of jealousy

A

castration anxiety

43
Q

a girls desire for her father while fearing her mother

A

Electra complex

44
Q

Upon discovering that she does not have a penis, a girl feels deprived

A

penis envy

45
Q

a movement that involves women and men working together for equality

A

feminism

46
Q

the development of social categories, such as masculinity, femininity, heterosexuality, and homosexuality, by society

A

social construction

47
Q

a group that is not being treated or experimented on

A

control group

48
Q

a person’s ranking in society based on a combination of occupational, educational, and income levels

A

socioeconomic status

49
Q

the view that the attitudes, values, and behaviors of one ethnic group are similar to those of another ethnic group

A

cultural equivalency perspective

50
Q

a positive concept, celebrate, celebrating the values of courage, strength, generosity, politeness, and respect for others

A

machismo

51
Q

the process of adaptation of an ethnic group to the values, attitudes, and behaviors of the dominant culture

A

acculturation

52
Q

a commitment to family and family members

A

familismo

Human Sexuality (3 decks)

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